1957. A simple model of superconductivity calls for an electron plasma with a very high electron density N . (a) Show that the penetration depth of a plasma with very large N takes the form dp = m N e2 µ0 (b) Letting N = 7 × 1028 m−3 ‚ calculate dp . (c) Compare the above result with the skin depth of a good conductor. Explain why a very slowly varying magnetic field can penetrate a good conductor but not a superconductor. Problem P2.3 An electron plasma becomes anisotropic when an external dc
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1.) How gating of a thyristor works? A thyristor is a 4 layer 3 terminal device with 3 junctions. When the anode terminal has positive voltage and no gate voltage is applied‚ the first and the third junction are forward biased and the second junction is turned reverse biased allowing no current flow through the thyristor. A thyristor starts to conduct when the voltage across the anode and cathode (VAK) is increased beyond the thyristors breakdown voltage (VBO). This is
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1900‚ in order to solve the problem of black body radiation in thermodynamics. In 1874‚ G. Johnstone Stoney postulated a minimum unit of electrical charge‚ for which he suggested the name electron in 1891. In 1897‚ J. J. Thomson confirmed Stoney’s conjecture by discovering the first subatomic particle‚ the electron (now denoted e−). Subsequent speculation about the structure of atoms was severely constrained by Ernest Rutherford’s 1907 gold foil experiment‚ showing that the atom is mainly empty space
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-Static charges don’t move Current electricity- moving electrical charge Ex: outlet & battery -discovered 2 charges positive and negative/ Opposite charges attract like charges repel. 7. J.J Thomson: Cathode ray tube -Discovered and named the electron (e-) 8. Henri Bequerel: discovered that uranium is radioactive Radioactivity = spontaneous emission of radiant E from an element as its nucleus decays. Radioactivity does not come from stable elements. 9. Marrie & Pierre Curie: Discovered 2 radioactive
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Carbon is denoted by the symbol C‚ is part of group 14 on the periodic table‚ and is the fourth most abundant element in the universe (by mass). Carbon has an electron configuration of 1s2‚ 2s2‚ 2p2. With 4 valance shell electrons it is expected to form 4 bonds‚ this means carbon is tetravalent. However the s orbitals do not form the same type of bond (with other atoms) as the p orbitals‚ this is because their shapes are different. For example CH4 would have the following bonds: C(s)-H(s)‚ C(s)-H(s)
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“plums” are the negatively charged electrons‚ while the “pudding” is the mass of positive
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borrows one or more electrons from another atom. An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs when one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion‚ which then result in attraction. 2. What is a covalent bond? A covalent bond is a bond that occurs when atoms in a molecule share a pair of electrons. For example‚ “the atoms in sugar do not form ions; instead‚ they are held together because of shared electrons.” 3. Do you think
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reaction in which neutral molecules bond to a central metal atom by coordinate covalent bonds. A coordinate covalent bond is a covalent bond in which one atom supplies both electrons. Ligands are atoms or molecules with electron pairs available‚ and they may be neutral or negatively charged. Ligands are usually thought of as electron donors attracted to the metal at the center of the complex. Isomers are different compounds with the same molecular formula. Also‚ isomers can be recognized into two groups;
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Asymmetric Catalysis in Intramolecular Reactions of α-Diazoketones. Abstract: Carbon-hydrogen insertion reactions involve the insertion of a carbene‚ a neutral carbon atom or molecule with two unpaired valence electrons‚ into an unactivated carbon-hydrogen bond. This reaction produces many commercially valuable compounds. The reaction itself involves the use of diazocarbonyl compounds which contain an N2 ligand on a carbon alpha to a carbonyl. The reaction is thermodynamically favourable as it involves
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Figure. 4 depicts electron distributions across the fin in the channel region of NFET and PFET in the on-state (VD=0.5V and VG=0.5V)‚ respectively. Under this condition‚ the highest electron density (NFET) and the hole density (PFET) are generally located in the middle and near the top of the fin. Because the tapered fin structure has FWT shorter than FWB‚ the electron distribution by side gates of the tapered fin is not perpendicular to the
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