THE VSEPR THEORY The VSEPR stands for ¡°Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion¡±‚ the theory is used for predicting the structure of molecules. The theory can be used in two main steps. First‚ the number of all bonding pairs and lone pairs is calculated‚ next‚ these pairs of electrons are rearranged in order to minimize the repulsion between them. Different number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons can form different structure. When there are only two bonding pairs around the central
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Experiment 3: Electronic structure‚ bonding and shape of some simple inorganic molecules. Introduction: In quantum chemistry‚ electronic structure is the state of motion of electrons in an electrostatic field created by stationary nuclei. The term encompass both the wave functions of the electrons and the energies associated with them. Electronic structure is obtained by solving quantum mechanical equations for the aforementioned clamped-nuclei problem. Electronic structure problem arise from the
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subatomic particles that play the greatest role in cellular chemical reactions are electrons. protons. neutrons. isotopes. 0 out of 5 The correct answer is: electrons. Question 2 of 20 The structural unit that retains the properties of an element is the molecule. atom. cell. electron. 5 out of 5 Correct!! Question 3 of 20 Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom? Protons Neutrons Electrons A and B 0 out of 5 The correct answer is: A and B Question 4 of 20 The component
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5Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________ Student Exploration: Ionic Bonds Vocabulary: chemical family‚ electron affinity‚ ion‚ ionic bond‚ metal‚ nonmetal‚ octet rule‚ shell‚ valence electron Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Nate and Clara are drawing pictures with markers. There are 8 markers in a set. Nate has 9 markers and Clara has 7. What can Nate and Clara do so that each of them has a full set? ____
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electricity is the electric current resulting from the existence of charged particles such as electrons or protons. Electricity figures everywhere in our lives. Electricity lights up our homes‚ cooks our food‚ powers our computers‚ television sets‚ and other electronic devices. Electricity from batteries keeps our cars running and makes our flashlights shine in the dark. Here’s something you can do to see the importance of electricity. Take a walk through your school‚ house or apartment and write
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Sharing Electrons Example~ A hydrogen atom has one electron. If it had two electrons‚ it would have the same electron configuration as a helium atom. Two hydrogen atoms can achieve a stable electron configuration by sharing their electrons and forming a Covalent bond. A covalent bond is a chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons. When two atoms shair one pair of electrons‚ the bond is called a singe bond. Molecules of Elements Two hydrogen atoms bonded together
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Describe the difference between a mixture and a compound. A compound is a substance in which atoms of different elements are chemically held to one another. A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components‚ a compound cannot. Below are some examples of the differences between each. Compounds •Compounds are pure substances. •They are made up of two or more
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metals do not conduct electricity quite as good as copper. The electrons of different types of atoms have different degrees of freedom to move around. With some types of materials‚ such as metals‚ the outermost electrons in the atoms are so loosely bound that they chaotically move in the space between the atoms of that material by nothing more than the influence of room-temperature heat energy. Because these virtually unbound electrons are free to leave their respective atoms and float around in the
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poor conductor of electricity. If the electrons in an atom can’t be moved from their orbits at all‚ the material is an insulator. If at least some of the electrons can be moved‚ the material is a resistor. Two of the best-known conductors of electricity are silver and copper. The atomic structures of the silver and copper atom are compared in Figure 6. Note that both atoms have only one electron in the outermost orbit. This makes silver and copper excellent conductors of electricity. Silver
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c. Insulator • Number of valence electrons is 1-3 with very high conductivity • Number of valence electrons is 4 with intermediate conductivity • Number of valence electrons is 5-8 with very low conductivity Semiconductor Conductors • Has more electrons that are free to move • Supports charge carriers to flow • Support flow of electricity • Has very low resistance allowing easy flow of electron current • Has less than 4 valence electrons – Examples: metals‚ electrolytes and
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