all aromatic compounds known today share the same distinction (many are in fact‚ odorless or even unpleasant)‚ they are the principle components in such pleasant smelling substances as cinnamon‚ licorice‚ wintergreen‚ clove & vanilla CLASSIFICATION – - also known as arenes‚ many aromatic compounds possess the benzene ring functional group: G’s FG = aromatic compound or arene benzene ring or aryl grp - other compounds which do not contain a benzene ring are also referred to as “aromatic” based
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Experiment #1 – Aromatic Nitration The purpose of this lab is to convert toluene to nitrotoluene through the process of aromatic nitration. This is done by electrophilic aromatic substitution. The aromatic organic compound‚ toluene‚ is reacted under mild conditions with an electrophile‚ the nitronium ion‚ resulting in a product of nitrotoluene. Failure to use mild conditions may result in polynitration. Different reaction conditions were studied to understand the effect of nitrating agent
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1. INTRODUCTION Electrical substation for distribution system is the main supply to convert the high voltage (HV) to low voltage (LV) and the place where load are distributed to the consumers. In Malaysia‚ Tenaga Nasional Berhad Distribution (TNBD) used the 33/0.433kV‚ 22/0.433kV‚ 11/0.433kV and 6.6/0.433kV voltage system for the electrical system to supply for domestic consumer and industrial consumer such as factory which will supplied directly from Transmission Main Intakes (PMU)‚ Main Distribution
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Relative Rates of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction Justiniano‚ Priscilla Raiza N. School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry‚ Mapua Institute of Technology‚ Intramuros‚ Manila‚ Philippines Experiment No.1‚ Submitted on August 6‚ 2011 at N402. Abstract EXPERIMENT NUMBER ONE IS ALL ABOUT THE ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ARE THOSE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHICH HAVE BENZENE RING (CYCLOHEXA-1‚3‚5-TRIENE). AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ARE ALWAYS FOLLOWS
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Voltage Transformer 19 5. HV connections 23 6. Power Transformer 26 7. MV Cable 38 8. Substation Earthing Resistance 40 9. Interlockings 44 Hot Commissioning (GP - Step 108.5) 45 Check Readiness for Hot Commissioning (GP - Activity 108.5.1) 45 10. Start Up (GP - Activity 108.5.2) 46 Attachments 47 Application Areas This manual is intended to act as a handbook for commissioning works at substation site. The manual deals mainly with main outdoor components and their connections to the
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to better manage asset management and operations and management. Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) being implemented in substations today contain valuable information‚ both operational and non-operational‚ needed by many user groups within the utility. An IED is any device that incorporates one or more processors with the capability to receive or send data/control from or to an external source (e.g.‚ electronic multifunction meters‚ digital relays‚ controllers). IED technology can help utilities
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Bromination of Aromatic Compounds Introduction: The experiment focuses on finding out what kind of activating effects that four different substituents will have on an aromatic benzene ring. The substituents being tested are aniline‚ anisole‚ acetamide (acetanilide)‚ and phenol. All four of these groups are either para or ortho activating. Bromination is the reaction that will be carried out. The melting point ranges of the final products will be taken in order
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towers in the Transmission Line Project. (c) The arrangement of tie beams and pile caps in case of pile foundation proposed to be used in the river crossing towers or towers in the water logged area. (d) The general layout of the substation proposed to be considered. (e) The layout of control room building proposed to be constructed inside the sub-station area. 2. Technical Specification and Salient Features in brief: The Technical Specification and Salient Features of the
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1. SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Substations INTRODUCTION: In Power System network‚ in order to transmit and distribute the generated power‚ it is necessary to install “SUBSTATIONS” at strategic points to work at required voltage level since “HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION” is resorted to. The Sub stations are classified as “GRID” of “RADIAL” Substations. The Grid station is installed in Grid network to reduce the voltage level from 230KV to 110 KV. The radial Station within Distribution net
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Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds Aromatic Compounds- possess a ring shaped structure Benzene (C6H6)- aka. naphtha - unsaturated cyclic compound - simplest aromatic HC - all C to C bonds are identical; each C has a H atom - substitution reactions occur instead of addition reaction - delocalized pi bonding in benzene imparts stability (aromaticity); responsible for resistance to addition reactions (involve breaking delocalized bonding) Benzene Derivatives- produced when one or more H atoms on benzene
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