mixed with NaOH forms an ionic bond between the two elements. The ionic bond/electrovalent bond that was formed was that of sodium chloride ‘salt’. The bond made visible salt crystals in the evaporating dish. The ionic bond was held together using electrostatic attraction. This resulted in a sodium chloride compound (producing oppositely charged ions) forming. (Na+ ion and Cl- ion). One electron was transferred from the sodium atom (1s2‚ 2s2 2p6‚ 3s1) to the chlorine atom (1s2‚ 2s2 2p6‚ 3s2 3p5) and two
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Define and describe ionic and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. A covalent bond is the chemical bond that involves the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. A compound is made when two or more atoms form a chemical bond‚ linking them together. The two types of bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. In an ionic bond‚ the atoms are bound together by the attraction between oppositely charged
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ciper text design for Nano communication:- Quantam dot cellular automation is a latest nanotechnology that serves alternative solution to CMOS. QCA is a transistor less technology and information is passed based on charge on electron and mutual electrostatic
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touching its nerves with electrostatically charged metal. He was then later able to cause muscular contraction by touching the frog’s spinal cord that was connected to an iron rail by a brass hook‚ where the legs twitched‚ without a source of electrostatic charge; from this‚ he developed a term known as “animal electricity” concluding that animal tissue contained an innate vital force and “electric fluid”. To further prove his point‚ Galvani performed another experiment; he established that bioelectric
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14‚no.3‚Sep. 2007‚A Publication of the Department of Defense. [Online]. Available:www.disa.mil/jsc/index.html. [5] American National Standard. Dictionary for Technologies of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)‚ Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)‚ and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)‚ ANSI C63.14-1998. [6] Department of Defense Handbook: Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Spectrum Supportability Guidance for the Acquisition Process‚ May 2005. [7] T.S. Rappaport‚ Wireless Communications: Principles and
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Unit II Unit III Unit IV Unit V Unit VI Unit VII Unit VIII Unit IX Unit X Time: 3 Hours Electrostatics Current Electricity Magnetic effect of current & Magnetism Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating current Electromagnetic Waves Optics Dual Nature of Matter Atoms and Nuclei Electronic Devices Communication Systems Total Total Periods : 180 70 Marks 08 07 08 08 03 14 04 06 07 05 70 Unit I: Electrostatics (Periods 25) Electric Charges; Conservation of charge‚ Coulomb’s law-force between two
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Air Pollution What is Air Pollution? * Air pollution can be defined as the presence of any harmful material in the air and the atmosphere that can cause damage to human beings and other living organisms. * Air pollution could also be in the form of disturbances to the normal composition of the air such that there is an undesired effect on the environment or living things. * Under normal circumstances‚ the earth’s atmosphere consists of nitrogen (~78%)‚ oxygen (~21%)‚ small amounts
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Question 1: You have carried out an investigation into the pigments that make up chlorophyll. Use the chromatogram you obtained when carrying out this investigation. Clearly explain the separation technique of paper chromatography in terms of partition. Calculate the Rf value of one of the constituent pigments and compare it to the book value. A paper chromatography was used to separate the pigments that make up chlorophyll to analyse‚ identify‚ and quantify the components‚ using paper (stationary
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The authors has revisited the Anik E1 and Anik E2 failures with the details of the events and the scrutiny of space weather conditions at that time. This communication failure is often used as the example to illustrate the potential damages from the space environment on our satellites and communications systems. The events begins on 20 January 1994 when Anik E1 began spinning uncontrollably; this disabled 40 northern Canadian communities’ telephone service and the radio stations. Luckily‚ by activating
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smallest particle that cannot be divided by any physical or chemical means Molecule: Two or more atoms (the same or different) that are chemically bonded together Lattice: 3D array of oppositely charged particles (ions) held together by an electrostatic attraction Element: Consists of only one type of atom Compound: Composed for two or more elements that are chemically bonded together. Contains a fixed number of atoms of each component element. Pure Substance: Have a fixed composition and
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