coordination‚ precision‚ and accurate timing. 5. Brain Stem- the posterior part of the brain‚ adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. The brain stem provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. 6. Medulla- a portion of the hindbrain that controls autonomic functions such as breathing‚ digestion‚ heart and blood vessel function‚ swallowing and sneezing. 7. Pons- includes tracts that conduct signals from the cerebrum down to the cerebellum
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the original stimulus. 3. The axon terminal is the nerve ending. The nodes speed up the message. The myelin sheath is an insulating membrane. The axon carries impulses away from the cell body. The cell body is the largest part of a typical neuron. The dendrites carry impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body. The nucleus is the control center of the cell. 4. A synapse is location at which a
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The Action potential • Transmission is due to movement of ions (Na+ and K+) across nerve cell membrane • Na+ found mainly outside cells – tends to diffuse inwards • K+ found mainly inside cells – tends to diffuse outwards • Stimulation of neurone changes the membrane permeability to ions • Depolarisation occurs as Na+ floods into cell through sodium channels setting up the nerve impulse (very fast) • Impulse travel is one way from stimulus • Then K+ flows out of cell (repolarisation) and the
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symptoms include dry mouth‚ irritability‚ unusual weight loss‚ and extreme hunger. Over time‚ the high blood glucose levels present‚ as a result of diabetes‚ may cause serious complications‚ such as damage blood vessels and nerve cells‚ leading to damaged eyes‚ nerves and kidneys and an increased risk of heart attack‚ stroke‚ impotence‚ and foot problems. Another example is hypertension. Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure. Blood pressure is a measurement of
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The Oculomotor nerve functions in opening and moving the eye‚ constricts and focuses the pupil. It originates in the midbrain and passes through the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone. TheTrochlear nerve causes the superior oblique to contract‚ thereby moving the eyeball inferiorly and laterally (Primal). Passes through the sphenoid bone through the superior orbital fissure. The Trigeminal nerve is composed of the ophthalmic‚ maxillary‚ and mandibular nerves. All three serve different
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conversion of stimulus energy into neural impulses. The stimulus energy is in the form of light energy (waves)‚ and this light energy enters the eye. After passing through such parts as the iris and the lens‚ the light energy reaches the retina‚ where sense receptors are located and where transduction occurs. Rods and cones are the eye’s sense receptors that produce chemical changes that generate neural signals. These neural signals get relayed to the optic nerve‚ which leads to the brain. Another example
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cells transmitting nerve impulses. There are two types of neurones; Sensory cells‚ which send impulses from the receptor to the central processing centre and the motor neurones‚ transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the effector cell that will respond to the stimulus. Impulses flow along thin tubes of cytoplasm. In the sensory neurones‚ the cell body is located in the middle and two tubes come out of it; one from the dendrites at one end‚ which receive impulses from the receptor cell
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position/posture‚ generates heat 2. Location: on top of/attached to bones (skeletal) AND in certain organs (smooth) 3. Organs: skeletal muscles and smooth muscle‚ tendons and ligaments Nervous System: 1. Function: generates Action Potentials (nerve impulses)‚ regulates body activities‚ detects changes in body chemistry/internal and external environment‚ interprets changes‚ responds to AP’s by causing
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digital nerves- arise from the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerves PALM Palmar interosseus( between the bones) Abductor ( 2 heads- transverse and oblique head) Volar plate (MP joint) First dorsal interosseus - deep ulnar nerve injury‚ these muscles would be affected 3 volar interossei adduct the fingers Function of the lumbricals(
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Describe the five stages that comprise the process of sensory processing and the perception of information. a. Sepcific types of stimuli activate specialized receptors (light‚ soind waves‚ chemical molecule‚ pressure) and translate information into nerve impulses b. Specialized neurons break down and and analyze the specific features of the stimuli c. Numerous stumul “pieces’ are reconstructed into a neural representation that is then compared with previously stored information. d. We recognize the
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