long‚ thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands. * The axon ends in a cluster of terminal buttons‚ which are small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters. * The Neural Impulse: Using Energy to Send Information * The Neuron at Rest: A Tiny Battery * The resting potential of a neuron is its stable‚ negative charge when the cell is inactive. * The Action Potential * An action potential is
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10/22/2012 Communication Along and Between Neurons (Ch.6) • Receptors receive stimuli‚ and convert them to nerve impulses • Alternating graded and all-or-none signals on the membrane of a single neuron • Graded potentials decay with distance (electrotonic conduction); longdistance transmission depend on transforming signals to APs • Typically‚ alternating electric (within neuron) and chemical signals (between neurons) • Postsynaptic potential affected by number and frequency of APs
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The nervous system is the most important system in the body. It transmits impulses to and from the brain. Disruption of the nerve cells and fibers that transmit the messages severely impairs the body’s ability to carry out complex function. Once a disruption occurs‚ one may never recover and neurological function will steadily degrade. Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that disrupts this network. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological disease in young adults between 20 and
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Minerals Calcium and phosphorous are major structural elements in bones and teeth. Calcium is needed for the muscles‚ helping in the relaxation and constriction of blood vessels to regulate blood flow‚ assisting with the transmission of nerve impulses and aiding in muscle contraction. Phosphorus is necessary for the structure of cell membranes and vital to energy production and storage in the body. Iron is necessary for the transportation of oxygen throughout the body‚ as well as energy metabolism
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Exercise 25 Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium Answers to Pre-Lab Quiz (pp. 383–384) 1. three 2. a‚ auricle 3. tympanic membrane 4. d‚ stapes 5. a‚ cochlea 6. otoscope 7. b‚ Rinne 8. b‚ internal ear 9. macula/vestibule 10. c‚ involuntary trailing of eyes in one direction‚ then rapid movement in the other Answers to Activity Questions Activity 4: Conducting Laboratory Tests of Hearing (pp. 387–388) Acuity Test The threshold is indefinite. Sound Localization No‚ the sound is less easily located
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TRUE/FALSE. Write ’T’ if the statement is true and ’F’ if the statement is false. 1)Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones. 1) T 2) Bones are classified by whether they are weight-bearing or protective in function. 2) F 3) The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress. 3) F MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 4) The cell responsible for secreting
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Cerebral Cortex does: Thinking‚ reasoning‚ learning‚ senses‚ voluntary muscle contraction‚ problem solving and memory‚ intelligence‚ sense of responsibility‚ perception. Three types of area in the cerebral cortex and functions: Sensory: Interpret impulses from receptors Motor: Control muscular movements Association: Concerned with intellectual and emotional processes 6. Location of the cerebellum: Under the rear part of the cerebrum. Located right at the back of the brain. Has to receive sensory
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chapter 2 chapter outline module 5 Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior The Structure of the Neuron How Neurons Fire Where Neurons Connect to One Another: Bridging the Gap Neurotransmitters: Multitalented Chemical Couriers module 6 module 7 The Brain The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating within the Body The Nervous System The Endocrine System: Of Chemicals and Glands Studying the Brain’s Structure and Functions: Spying on the Brain The Central Core:
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Biology – Assignment One Cells. Question One Explain the roles of the main components and features of a cell to the cell function. A typical animal cell is rounded in shape‚ surrounded by a cell membrane. This holds in the cytoplasm‚ which contains other structures such as the nucleus‚ ribosomes‚ and mitochondria. Each cell has tiny structures inside called organelles; each type of organelle performs a particular function. For example there are mitochondria (power stations)‚ ribosomes (protein
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Huntington’s Disease Huntington’s disease‚ or also known as Huntington’s Chorea‚ is an incurable hereditary brain disorder‚ which causes nerve cells to become damaged‚ resulting in various parts of the brain deteriorating. Huntington’s disease was recognized by George Huntington in 1872. Huntington’s disease had been acknowledged as a disease entity previously‚ several people before 1872 reported having and describing movement disorders that later would be connected to Huntington’s disease. The
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