Sample essays and suggested plans for content 1. The process of diffusion and its importance in living organisms Definition Fick’s Law Types of diffusion e.g. Facilitated diffusion‚ osmosis Gas exchange in unicells‚ fish‚ mammals and plants Digestion and absorption of products Exchange of materials between blood in capillaries and tissues e.g. placenta Transpiration‚ root pressure‚ water and ion uptake by roots Translocation and mass flow hypothesis Osmoregulation by blood and kidney‚ unicells
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Identity of Cyanobacterial Toxins Cyanobacterial toxins are toxins produced by cyanobacteria‚ or blue-green algae. They include neurotoxins (e.g.‚ anatoxins)‚ hepatotoxins (e.g.‚ microcystins)‚ skin irritants and other toxins. Both hepatotoxins and neurotoxins are produced by cyanobacteria commonly found in surface water supplies and therefore appear to be of most relevance to water supplies at present.1-3 However‚ the neurotoxins are relatively unstable and‚ as such‚ are not considered to be as
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TRANSPORT OF CHLOROPLASTS FROM _SILVERBEET LEAVES_ Introduction Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar‚ which cellular respiration converts into ATP‚ the "fuel" used by all living things. The conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy is associated with the actions of the green pigment‚ chlorophyll. Light Dependent Reactions are the initial stage of photosynthesis‚ in which solar energy is converted into potential energy. This
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the ultimate source of energy for life? Plants undergo the process of photosynthesis‚ where they absorb light energy and convert it into sugar. This process expels oxygen‚ which all living things require to survive. In addition‚ plants are a food‚ and hence an energy source‚ for many living creatures‚ making them essential in the food chain. 3. Describe the purpose‚ process‚ and chemical and energy components of photosynthesis and the source of each component (e.g. CO2 is found in the air)? Chloroplast
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However‚ as I will elaborate later‚ carbon dioxide also has adverse effects on organisms. Carbon dioxide primarily affects all organisms as it is essential for the process of photosynthesis‚ in which organic compounds vital to a plant’s growth ‚ and essential as food for a primary consumer ‚ are synthesized. In photosynthesis carbon dioxide diffuses through the stomata on the underside of a plant‚ into the mesophyll layer of the leaf and finally into the photosynthesizing cells of a plant. In these
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released is captured in the form of ATP (3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2). The electron transport chain (ETC) consists of a series of molecules‚ mostly proteins‚ embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane (Simon‚ Reece‚ & Dickery‚ 2010). Photosynthesis: • What is the overall goal of
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Racquel Currie University of Minnesota Minneapolis‚ Minnesota Hypothesis If isolated chloroplasts are boiled‚ the enzymes that occur in photosynthesis are disrupted and the DCIP will not reduce. Chloroplasts are a type of plastid found within the plant they are the basis of photosynthesis. Without photosynthesis there would be no life on earth. Photosynthesis takes the energy from sunlight and coverts it into a chemical energy that can be used by the plant. Isolating chloroplast is a way to
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Chromatography Biology 1107L Introduction All living organisms require energy for their chemical processes. The ultimate source of this energy is the sun. Plants convert light energy into the chemical energy of sugars. During photosynthesis pigments are used to capture light energy. Pigments of green plants can easily be separated and identified using a technique called paper chromatography. The purpose of this experiment is to separate the pigments using paper chromatography. In
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some groups contain members that are mixotrophic‚ deriving energy both from photosynthesis and uptake of organic carbon either by osmotrophy‚ myzotrophy‚ or phagotrophy. Some unicellular species rely entirely on external energy sources and have limited or no photosynthetic apparatus. Nearly all algae have photosynthetic machinery ultimately derived from cyanobacteria‚ and so produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis‚ unlike other photosynthetic bacteria such as purple and green sulfur bacteria
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Passage 1 (1) An upsurge of new research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brainpower than previously thought. If animals do have intelligence‚ how do scientists measure it? Before defining animals’ intelligence‚ scientists defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animal’s brain by its genetic heritage. Rote conditioning is also not intelligence. Tricks can be learned by repetition‚ but no real thinking is involved. Cuing
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