over functional organisational structures. Elton Mayo‚ who was called “the founder of both the Human Relations Movement and of industrial sociology” (Pugh & Hickson‚ 1989‚ P.152)‚ had the basic idea that “workers had strong social needs which they tried to satisfy through membership of informal social groups at work place” (Nicholson‚ 1998‚ p.215). Opposing the classical perspectives of management principles of the Scientific Management and Bureaucracy‚ Mayo claimed that scientifically clarified rules
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organization‚ managers should always be encouraged to seek for new opportunities for the company growth. Human relations movement approach was started and established by Elton Mayo - a Harvard professor who is most famous for the well-known Hawthorne studies experiment at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Chicago‚USA. Mayo conducted and analyzed the experiment for several years. The intention of the experiment was to investigate the relationship between work conditions and productivity
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This paper is an overview of four important areas of management theory: Frederick Taylor ’s Scientific Management‚ Elton Mayo ’s Hawthorne Works experiments and the human relations movement‚ Max Weber ’s idealized bureaucracy‚ and Henri Fayol ’s views on administration. It will provide a general description of each of these management theories together with observations on the environment in which these theories were applied and the successes that they achieved. Frederick Taylor - Scientific Management
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Studies 1. Outcome of Studies III. Conclusion IV. Works Cited Hawthorne Electric Studies What are the Present Day Implications of the Hawthorne Electric Studies? The Hawthorne Studies were experiments that were inspired by Elton Mayo and several others that developed the Human Relations Management. In 1924 the Western Electric Company in Chicago‚ IL was the base of influence by the scientific management theories. These theories measured how different working conditions measured
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forward the idea that workers are motivated mainly by pay. His Theory was that workers do not naturally enjoy work and so they would need close supervision and control. Elton Mayo (1880 – 1949) believed that workers are not just concerned with money but could be better motivated by having their social needs met at work. Mayo introduced the Human Relation School of thought‚ which focused on managers taking more of an interest in the workers‚ treating them as people who have worthwhile opinions
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initially. The puzzled management hired business school professor Elton Mayo3 to investigate. Again‚ Mayo soon concluded that no matter what changes were made‚ the employees’ productivity rose. This finding was the start for a series of four massive studies by Mayo over the next dozen years. One study on assemblers whose work environment was not being changed showed that they were all restricting their output to some unwritten standard. Mayo gradually switched his attention from the physical work environment
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Harris (U.S.) 1930s - Quality control - Hawthorne studies of worker motivation. Sampling inspection and statistical tables for quality control. Activity sampling for work analysis Walter Shewhart‚ H. F. Dodge‚ and H.G. Roming (U.S.) Elton Mayo (U.S) & L.H.C Tippett (England) 1940s - Multidisciplinary team approaches to complex system problems Simplex method of linear programming Operations research groups (England) and George B. Dantzig (U.S.) 1950-60s - Extensive development of operations
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Historical Development of Organization Behavior The field of organization has developed from the studies conducted by the behavioral students of organization. 1. The Classical Theorists Just before World War II‚ and aftermath of the Industrial Revolution‚ the shape and nature of management started changing. Large scale production‚ poor labour conditions‚ poor environment‚ gave birth to the thinking whether production can be increased by improving these conditions. It is from this perspective
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Entering and contracting Entering and contracting are the initial steps taken in the OD process‚ and is considered by many as one the most important steps of the process. The entering and contracting step will be utilized to set the pace and lay the foundation for the practitioner client relationship. They involve a preliminary evaluation of the organization’s opportunities for development‚ while establishing a collaborative relationship between the OD practitioner and the members of the client
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ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT (ES24) Assignment The Hawthorne Studies Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs The Hawthorne Studies Hawthorne Studies The Hawthorne Studies are experiments which inspired Elton Mayo and others to develop the Human Relations Movement. These were conducted by the Western Electric Company of Chicago to measure the impact of different working conditions (such as levels of lighting‚ payment systems‚ and hours of work) on output
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