year or a specific amount of money to their lords. The time of labor depended on when it was needed. For example‚ during harvesting or sowing. The job had to be done‚ regardless‚ the peasants own farming responsibilities. Subsequent to the emancipation of serfs in 19th century‚ they had to buy their own freedom‚ as they were granted land they also had to pay for working on it. Eventually‚ such strict limitations caused farmers and peasants to leave their farming business and seek more opportunities
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which confronted the Government was that of serfdom. Alexander II made up his own mind to abolish serfdom from above rather than wait for it to be abolished from below through revolution. The emancipation of the serfs in 1861 was the one of the most important event in 19th century Russian history. Emancipation brought a supply of free labour to the cities‚ industry was stimulated‚ and the middle class grew in number and influence. Unlike his father‚ the new tsar Alexander III believed that Russia
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the Emancipation Edict of 1861. Although this piece of legislation had brought an end to serfdom‚ peasants still remained tied to the village commune called the mir and were angry at the redemption payments they were expected to pay in return for the land they had received. They believed more‚ and better quality‚ land should have been given to them at no cost. Their anger was made evident during the peasant disturbances of 1902. The landowners were also unhappy with the terms of emancipation. They
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Then novel War and Peace was written by a famous Russian author Leo Tolstoy in 1865. The novel describes the war with Napoleon in which many countries were involved such as Russia‚ Austrian‚ Prussia‚ Spain‚ Sweden‚ and Britain. The novel mainly focuses on Russia. It reflects the different views and participation in the war of Russian aristocracy and peasants and also shows Tolstoy’s negative viewpoint on the war. Showing the war‚ Tolstoy describes Napoleon’s attack on Russia‚ the battle of Borodino
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could accomplish his dream of a modernised Russia. But was modernising Russia really Alexander’s intention? Did he really deserve the title ‘Liberator’? The first and perhaps most ambitious reform to be attempted by Alexander was the emancipation of the serfs. In the words of Alexander II at the end of the Crimean war: “It is better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait until it abolishes itself from below”. The Tsar had hoped that landlords would take the initiative in the matter of the
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They were free‚ but they were not free. They were not slaves now. They were serfs. They were like serfs on a feudal estate. They were tenant farmers. They were sharecroppers. They couldn’t go anywhere. They didn’t have control of their lives. And they were in the thrall of the white plantation owners. The same white plantation owners who had been their masters when they were slaves were now their masters when they were serfs. I don’t want to minimize the fact that it’s still not slavery in the old
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The last Tsar Nicholas II ascended the throne in 1894 and was faced with a country that was trying to free itself from its autocratic regime. The serfs had recently been emancipated‚ the industry and economy was just starting to develop and opposition to the Tsar was building up. Russia was still behind Europe in terms of the political regime‚ the social conditions and the economy. Nicholas II who was a weak and very influenced by his mother and his wife had to deal with Russia’s troubles during
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1. American revolution caused by refusal to pay taxes impose by British. French revolution caused by food shortage and high taxation on the 3rd estate. Both revolutions‚ the revolutionaries wanted protection of private property and no taxes 2. New liberal movements emerged and nationalism was introduced during radical phase of french revolution. 3. Need for raw materials. Population explosion. Introduction of new technologies. 4. Caused peasant uprisings to decline. Women gained small rights
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Chapter 27 Study Guide 1. The process of industrialism threatened traditional and social hierarchies in both societies. In Russia‚ the aristocracy was threatened by the abolition of serfdom‚ the creation of regional zemstvoes‚ and reforms of the army. In Japan‚ the samurai were almost destroyed by the fall of the shogunate‚ the destruction of feudalism‚ and military reform. Both nations used territorial expansion as a means of mollifying the aristocracy and building support for the imperial government
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Tsar’s policies becoming more reactionary and reversing many of the changes his reforms had brought. The reforms had been put in place in an attempt to propel Russia out of its increasingly backward state; as much as reforms such as the emancipation of the serfs‚ greater freedoms and opportunities in education and relaxation of censorship occurred with good intentions‚ much opposition arose. This came alongside the Tsar’s own personal problems‚ accompanied by increasing pressure from both events
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