Reviewer: Social Science II I. Adam Smith Concepts: 1. Theory of Moral Sentiments- Man is motivated by his self-interest; the approbation and acceptance of his fellow man‚ being chief. Alongside with this‚ are two natural sentiments of man: sympathy and imagination. These he uses to feel along with another who suffers. Man can place himself in the position of an impartial spectator who has no bias for or against himself or others and this causes him to have sympathy‚ imagining himself
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Structural Functionalism‚ Neo-Functionalism Conflict Theory & System Theory The origin of sociology developed and took place in Europe during the early eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The factors that led to the development of sociology are industrial economy‚ the growth of cities‚ and political change. Europe was changing from agriculture to factory production. Masses of people moved to the cities in search of work. In cities people met anonymity‚ crowding‚ filth‚ and poverty. The Industrial
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Social Theory II – Durkheim Required reading: PSN‚ pp. 265-278‚ and R. Cotterrell‚ Emile Durkheim: Law in a Moral Domain (1999)‚ Ch 7 (photocopied handout) Q: How far would Durkheim agree and disagree with Marx’s view of law? Q: Does modern law need a set of values to underpin it? Can sociology explain what values modern law must express? What answer to these questions does Durkheim give? Q: If Durkheim ’got legal evolution wrong’ does this destroy the significance of his view of law?
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The rise of Karl Marx and Émile Durkheim’s ideologies came when industrialization was on the rise in Europe. They both dissected this role of industrialization in the rising economic system of capitalism. They examined the demands of division of labor and what this subsequently did for the existing nature of society. Marx and Durkheim had differing opinions of the importance of the division of labor and rise of capitalism and how this either divided society or aided to its collective nature. This
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Structural Fuctionalism The Structural Functionalism looks at society as a whole with small parts that must work together to make society run smoothly. The smaller units are known as institutions‚ these include inequality‚ family‚ education‚ religion‚ politics‚ and the economy. Structural Functionalism assumes that the majority of society shares the same core values and “appropriate” forms of behavior. It looks at how constant patterns of behavior or social structures function to apply society’s
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Alienation - Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim are two of the founding fathers of sociology. They have both had a profound influence on the development of sociology. This essay will examine two of their theories - Marx’s theory of alienation and Durkheim’s theory of anomie‚ and will look at the similarities and differences in their thinking. Marx (1818-1883) wrote the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts in 1844‚ and one of these manuscripts‚ entitled ’Estranged Labour’
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Émile Zola Émile Zola was born on April 2‚ 1840 in Paris. He spent most of his childhood in southern France. He went to school in Lycee Saint-Louis in Paris and failed the Baccalaureate exam. In 1863 Zola became unemployed for two years. In 1865 he was hired as a clerk to work in L.-C.-F Hachette where he then worked in advertising. His first novel was La Confession de Claude (Claude’s Confession). He then went on to journalism. He continued to write many works such as Therese
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Structural Functionalism is simply known as Functionalism; it is defined as a system of parts‚ all of which serve a function together for an overall effectiveness and efficiency for society. This theory views norms‚ customs‚ traditions‚ and institutions that surround society and society should acknowledge different elements to gain social stability. Failure to do so results in imbalance‚ negative attitudes‚ war‚ and misunderstanding in a community. An example can portray this concept: for instance
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In order to truly assess the legitimacy of Durkheim ’s functionalist definition of religion‚ his notion of Social facts‚ (upon which his theory is constructed) must be examined. Durkheim advocated that amongst the reputable fields of biology‚ psychology and history‚ Sociology also warranted a specific focus. It was‚ for him: a ’sui generis ’ "something that had to be explained on its own terms". Sociology was not‚ for Durkheim‚ a field that should be susceptible to overlapping subject matter: he
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elsewhere assess the contribution of functionalism to our understanding of families and households. Functionalism focuses on the positive roles played by different institutions of society‚ the main one being the family. Functionalism see family as a vital organisation in all societies‚ they are needed to meet basic needs. Functionalism stresses the positive role of the family‚ and its great importance for society. Functionalists argue that the family has essential functions which it must
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