for the government‚ but also bring uncertainty for business (NZherald‚ 2010). The green gas emission is one of the main factor in climate change that has a deep impact on economy and government’ economic policy. New Zealand government has put a lot of effort on dealing with climate change over the past year. A range of political parties in New Zealand have made commitments to reduce New Zealand’s emissions. Because the government’s movement and policy‚ New Zealand organisations are also facing the
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travel and tourism businesses. European Countries Collaboration and good relationship making EU politically stable. This stability is a significant advantage for the growth of Easyjet THREATS Airlines which fail to comply with strict carbon emission limits will face fines from the Environment Agency‚ the government has announced. BBC news Wednesday‚ 4 March 2009 Government enforces rules on airlines company to apply expensive technological solutions to detect terrorists for passenger security
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2013) Economic Explanation From the point of economic‚ the fog and haze weather problem is the "external" problem. Because the delimitation of air property right is indistinct‚ many producers and consumers discharge dust and carbon dioxide emissions into the air‚ and they don’t bear the full cost and also don’t need suffer punishment. Thus even if the problem of air pollution is more and more serious‚ they can still discharge pollutants into the air. (Xinshijiao‚ 2013) Environment is a kind
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Footprint Calculation CO2 Emission‚ Energy Consumption and Water Consumption due to Pavement Construction and Usage Darío Enrique Romero Santana Department of Civil and Construction Engineering‚ Western Michigan University 4601 Campus Drive‚ Room G-249 Kalamazoo‚ MI 49008 United States Introduction Footprint is defined as the “measurement of how much land‚ water and natural resources a person‚ city‚ country or humanity as a whole requires to produce the resource it consumes”‚ (Edelman Darym)
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for reducing carbon dioxide and other so-called greenhouse gases (that are believed by many scientists to be causing global warming). According to the case‚ the carbon-tax and a cap-and-trade system are the best economic tool to employ to reduce emissions. As we know‚ taxes are the most important expense for a company or firm‚ if they would emit much more carbon dioxide and other gases‚ they need to pay more taxes on using carbon recourses. It is stated (Bubna-Litic & Chalifour 2012) that ‘One of
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their basic needs however‚ aviation has impacted on the social and environmental concerns locally and globally. The local concerns include aircraft noise for people living in the airport vicinity and beneath flying paths‚ air pollution due to the emission of Nitrogen oxides and other gases and other impacts including habitat destruction and contamination of land and water. Communities living around congested airports can be seen as not meeting sustainability demands. This can be seen in the complaints
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of carbon emissions across the supply chain. Companies today operate in a carbon-constrained world. In particular‚ the automobile industry is under pressure to take a close look at its product carbon footprint. Managing the downstream consequences of the use of its products and inputs from upstream suppliers is critical for developing carbon risk-mitigated supply chain management. This paper is of benefit to academics and managers by providing a new way to integrate carbon emissions in supply
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PROBLEM? Christoph Böhringer a ‚ Knut Einar Rosendahl b and Jan Schneider c Abstract In the abscence of a global agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions‚ individual countries have introduced national climate policies. Unilateral action involves the risk of relocating emissions to regions without climate regulations‚ i.e.‚ emission leakage. A major channel for leakage are price changes in the international oil market. Previous studies on leakage have assumed competitive behaviour in
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nations or governments had implemented plans that would help reduce the emissions emitting from power plants‚ buildings‚ appliances household‚ and automobiles; the plans are “cap and trade system” and “carbon tax plan” (Samaras). With the cap and trade system‚ the governments sets a emission target on polluters of how much emission they can produce‚ and grants slips to firm if they need to produce over the target emission level. For carbon tax‚ it is a tax imposed on users that burn fossil fuel
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Global cost estimates of reducing carbon emissions through avoided deforestation Georg Kindermann*‚ Michael Obersteiner*‚ Brent Sohngen†‡‚ Jayant Sathaye§‚ Kenneth Andrasko¶‚ Ewald Rametsteiner*‚ Bernhard Schlamadinger ‚ Sven Wunder**‚ and Robert Beach†† *International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis‚ A-2361 Laxenburg‚ Austria; †Department of Agricultural‚ Environmental‚ and Development Economics‚ Ohio State University‚ Columbus‚ OH 43210; §Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory‚ Berkeley
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