Introduction to Psychology Chapter One Chapter Outline What is Psychology ? Subdisciplines of Psychology The Origins of Psychology Ways of Thinking About Mind‚ Body‚ and Experience No One Perspective Tells the Whole Story in Psychology Bringing It All Together: Making Connections in Psychology What is Psychology? Psychology defined – Psychology is the scientific study of thought and behavior – Literature….. – History….. – Sociology….. Why Should You Study Psychology?
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of knowledge. Aristotle sought to categorize his observations. The Scientific Revolution Newtonian influences Freudian influence Skepticism Realism Conceptualism Nominalism Empiricism Rationalism Absolute Idealism Existentialism Phenomenology Hermeneutics Structuralism Deconstruction Critical Theory Pragmatism Behaviorism Functionalism Thales‚ Anaximander‚ Anaximenes‚ Leucippus‚ Democritus‚ Socrates‚ Plato‚ Aristotle‚ Pyrrho‚ Descartes‚ Locke‚ Berkeley‚ Hume‚ Kant‚ What is knowledge? What can
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Behaviorism- Skinner‚ Watson‚ Pavlov/ Occums Razor- simplest explanation is the most plausible. Law of Effect- Any theory that makes the fewest new assumptions usually provides correct answer. B.F. Skinner- focus to explaining personality is in factual/descriptive terms.-based on observable /measurable behaviors.-adoption of experimental method to study behaviors. BASIC PREMISE of behaviorism-personality shaped by experience. Result of conditioned stimulus & reinforced behaviors Classical
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(385 – 322 B.C.) Mind is a gift from God Rationalism Empiricism The father of all sciences Used b U d observation and logic to ti dl i t draw conclusions Infer the truth by I f th t th b applying l i principles of logic No experiments needed All rationalists are nativists Chomsky Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Kharkhurin. General Psychology: Introducing Psychology and its Methods 3 Rationalism vs. Empiricism 4 René Descartes (1596 – 1650) Father of modern dualism
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Generalization and Discrimination - Extinction and Inhibition - Experimental Neurosis Unit - 2 Chapter : 3 Behaviorism and Reductionism : * Forces in the background of Behaviorism * Watson’s Behaviorism‚ Principles of Behaviorism * Some earlier behaviorists * Karl S. Lashley‚ Donald Hebb Chapter : 4 Neo-Behaviorism and Learning Theory : * Contiguity conditioning theory of Edwin Guthrie * B.F. Skinners inductive
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How Psychology Developed Psychology – The Scientific Study of Behavior and Mental Processes. Mental Processes = Physiological and Cognitive Processes. Psychology comes from two Greek words. “Psyche” = Soul‚ and “Logos” = the Study of a Subject Psychology became a Scientific Discipline In 1870’s The Contributions of Wundt and Hall Philosophy + Physiology = Psychology Wilhelm Wundt i. German Professor.
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sneezing? Dreaming‚ gambling‚ watching TV‚ sports‚reading. Overt Behaviors Are observable actions and responses Covert behaviors Are private internal activities‚ (responses) such as thinking remembering and other mental events hidden from view EMPIRICISM-Empirical evidence Facts or Information gained from direct observation or experience True scientific observation Is structured to answer questions about the world Research method A systematic approach to answering scientific questions Critical
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-Psychology-scientific study of human and animal behavior and human mental processes. -Logos-logic : Ancient greek philosophers. Introduce logos. Explain natural world. -Natural Philosophers-naturalistic/physicalistic explanations. Mythos: story or legend. -Empiricism-knowledge based on observable events. Instantly applied to understanding of natural world. -Personality Psychology-scientific study of unique‚ characteristic patterns of thinking. Feeling‚ acting(cognition‚ emotion‚ behavior) --Various Theories
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Grant Clay Period 3 8/26/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology Red – Definition of Key Terms Green – Important People & Contributions Blue – Important Points 1. How Psychology Developed a. Psychology – The Scientific Study of Behavior and Mental Processes. b. Mental Processes = Physiological and Cognitive Processes. c. Psychology comes from two Greek words. “Psyche” = Soul‚ and “Logos” = the Study of a Subject d. Psychology became a Scientific Discipline In 1870’s 2
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Throughout history people had their media to communicate about matters of public interest. Therefore today mass communication i.e. newspapers‚ magazines‚ journals‚ radio‚ television‚ film‚ video and many more are not new. The history of mass communication however evolved over time where by each culture was dominant during a certain period of time as discussed below. The oral communication culture was dominant during the pre-literate or pre-industrial time‚ they used the spoken word for communication
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