Hobbes vs. Locke vs. Rousseau/ State of Nature/ Allam/ 2013 “I am at the point of believing‚ that my labor will be as useless as the commonwealth of Plato. For Plato‚ also is of the opinion that it is impossible for the disorders of the state ever to be taken away until sovereigns be philosophers . . . I recover some hope that one time or other this writing of mine may fall into the hands of a sovereign who will consider it for himself‚ for it is short‚ and I think clear.” -The Monster of
Free Political philosophy John Locke Social contract
been raging as long as humanity itself‚ Hobbes vs. Locke. Human nature in Hobbes eyes is a foul‚ corrupted thing. Like a beast‚ soiled with foul breath and a mangled appearance. He said human nature was inherently evil‚ wicked but polished to disguise our foul innards. Locke
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Locke vs. Knowledge Innatism In this paper‚ I will explore the topic of knowledge innatism and define what it is and what it isn’t‚ Locke’s objections to it‚ and responses to these objections. After raising an objection‚ I will argue either that 1) this objection is weak or 2) this objection works. The sort of knowledge that nativists think are innate in the mind are truths that do not have to be learned through experience‚ such as knowledge of the laws of nature & mathematical truths. Examples
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Descartes is interested in the certainty of his existence and the existence of other people and things. Descartes’ beliefs vary from those of Socrates. Descartes argues that knowledge is acquired through awareness and experience. Using this approach‚ Descartes moves through doubt to certainty of his existence. He asks himself various questions about the certainty of his existence and solves them through clear thought and logic. Using this method Descartes establishes doubts to be truths and by the
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Critically discuss the concepts of empiricism and empirical methods and their use in geography. Empiricism is a philosophical doctrine that our knowledge only comes from experiences. It can be described as a central role of observation. Empiricism was eventually somewhat replaced around the 1970’s by Positivism‚ Humanism‚ Marxist‚ Feminism and Post-Colonialism. However it still plays an important role today’s society‚ for example in the cataloguing of species. There is about 1.7 million species
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Abstract and Referential Ontology: Descartes Versus Spinoza on the Existence of God. The concept of God is central to the development of Cartesian and Spinozan philosophy. Although both philosophers employ an ontological argument for the existence and necessity of God the specific nature of God differs greatly with each account. While Descartes suggests a Judeo-Christian concept of God‚ Spinoza argues a more monistic deity similar to that of the Hindu tradition. The most significant difference
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Empiricism is the doctrine that all knowledge is based on sensory experience‚ rather than tradition. Naturally‚ it clashed with religion because it challenged the idea that something could be based on Scripture‚ revelation‚ or reason. Empiricists attempted to use the scientific method to obtain results or observation as proof. In response‚ theologians would argue that religion was not relevant to the material world which could be scrutinized through objective science‚ but rather it pertained to the
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infinite number of ways of examining love and religion but none of them can be taken as fact and none of them can be guaranteed as false. In this paper‚ I will examine the ways that Rene Descartes and Saint Augustine examine their lives and what they feel makes their life worth living. In the Meditations‚ Descartes attempts to doubt everything that is possible to doubt. He is uncertain of the existence of many things from God and himself. Then he goes on to start proving that things do exist by
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Locke‚ John (1632-1704) English philosopher‚ who founded the school of empiricism. Locke was born in the village of Wrington‚ Somerset‚ on August 29‚ 1632. He was educated at the University of Oxford and lectured on Greek‚ rhetoric‚ and moral philosophy at Oxford from 1661 to 1664. In 1667 Locke began his association with the English statesman Anthony Ashley Cooper‚ 1st earl of Shaftesbury‚ to whom Locke was friend‚ adviser‚ and physician. Shaftesbury secured for Locke a series of minor government
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Substance Esha Jain Descartes and Spinoza are both regarded as rationalists‚ and for good reason. There is quite a bit of similarity in the methodology used by both modern philosophers as they try to make sense of the world and establish what is true. Both philosophers have implemented an orderly way to construct their arguments as a way to seek the perfect‚ whole truth. One essential truth that both Descartes and Spinoza strive to understand is on the matter of substance. Descartes implores the possibility
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