2011 Jan Phil2 KoEW MS Outline and illustrate three characteristics of sense-data. (15 marks) Anticipate the following characteristics: • We are immediately/directly acquainted with sense-data‚ (from which we infer a mindindependent reality). • Sense-data are (usually) mental or mind-dependent. • Sense-data exist only as they are perceived. • Reports regarding sense-data are incorrigible. • Sense-data are nothing other than how they appear – they have no hidden depths. • The sense-data
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first textbook on psychology: Principles of Physiological Psychology. Psychology had its separation from the field of philosophy in the late 1870s‚ at this point Psychology became its own branch of science. Science greatly revolves around Empiricism‚ which states that the only true source of knowledge comes through our senses‚ and experience. By gaining knowledge through experiment‚ lead to the development of scientific enquiry. Scientific enquiry focuses on three main topics‚ what to
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The Innateness Debate & Language Acquisition Philosophy of language is the reasoned inquiry into the nature‚ origins‚ and usage of language. It is a philosophical topic that has a long history and has seen a great deal of interest since the beginning of the 20th century in particular. One of the lasting questions within the philosophy of language is the question of language acquisition. Is it acquired through innate ideas or through experience? There have been many notable discussions and ideas
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greater than two‚ which is a prior assumption. These different areas of knowledge all have their problems. However‚ true knowledge and the ways of obtaining it is something that has caused controversy among many scholars. On one hand is the idea of Empiricism while on the other hand is the idea of Rationalism. Empiricists are people who believe that whatever we know‚ and hence believe in‚ is gotten through sensory experience. They assert that the mind was as pure as white- defined as tabula rasa by
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David Hume and John Locke were both well known radical empiricists of their time. They were more radical because not only did believe in empiricism‚ but they strongly disagreed with innatism. Locke even went as far as to spend his entire book I in his “ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING” attacking innatism. They not only believe that all ideas derive from experience but they strongly oppose innatism. Descartes believed in innatism‚ that we are born with ideas and knowledge in our minds already
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Definition: Positivism refers specifically the philosophy espoused by Auguste Comte and generally to later philosophies which are based on that. Comte argued that human thought proceeds through three stages: theological‚ metaphysical‚ and positivistic. The first‚ theological‚ involves trying to explain all phenomena through the direct operation of supernatural beings and divine forces. The second‚ metaphysical‚ is similar to the first‚ but those supernatural beings have become more abstract and
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experience. Others philosophers such as Descartes believe that knowledge is innate; this way of thinking is used by rationalist. In this paper I will discuss the difference between Descartes rationalism in his essays "The Meditations" and Locke’s empiricism in his essays "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding". I will then lend my understanding as to what I believe as the ultimate source of knowledge. Locke discards the suggestion of innate ideas. Locke believes that if we always had innate
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HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY 1 History of Psychology PSY/310 Lisa M. Duley University of Phoenix HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY 2 Psychology became more popular within the past century and is a fairly new revelation. It is recognized as a science. It was pointed out by Ebbinghaus that psychologists have to recognize their deep roots in philosophy; psychology’s history cannot be understood adequately without knowing something of philosophy’s history (Goodwin‚ p. 2‚ 2008). “Descartes’ time
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us with knowledge of the world independently of experience? Plato would also answer yes to this question as well. Many objected to this‚ believing that knowledge was a result of sense experience rather than reason. Plato examined this theory (empiricism); he argued that‚ because the physical world is subject to change‚ there can be no real truth in knowledge that is based solely on one’s senses. He then used the examples Justice‚ Goodness‚ and Equality to justify his argument that there are some
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are‚ therefore‚ evident when Descartes states that nothing can be trusted if it has a shred of doubt‚ which he states is impossible. In case of Hume‚ when he says that matters of fact can be denied is wrong because they can also be proved through empiricism (Hume says we are not supposed to ascertain
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