F 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. A 10. B PART II PRACTICAL 11. D51.0 (Anemia‚ pernicious); G32.0 (Degeneration‚ combined‚ with anemia [pernicious]) 12. D00.01 (Neoplasm‚ lip‚ vermilion border‚ upper‚ Ca in situ) 13. I33.0 (Endocarditis‚ bacterial) 14. J44.0 (Bronchitis‚ acute‚ with‚ chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) 15. J15.3 (Pneumonia‚ streptococcal‚ Group B) 16. E 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A WORKBOOK Theory 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5
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or acquired. Congenital anomalies account for majority of cases and include bicuspid or quadricuspid valves‚ leaflet hypoplasia‚ atretic and myxomatous valve prolapse. Acquired causes include pulmonary hypertension‚ carcinoid tumors‚ infective endocarditis‚ rheumatic heart disease‚ Marfan’s syndrome and post repair of congenital heart disease or pulmonary stenosis (25). Role of echocardiography in evaluation of Pulmonary Regurgitation a. 2DE helps in the evaluation of the number‚ mobility and the
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can be caused by blood flowing through a damaged or overworked heart valve. Heart-valve defects may be present at birth or heart-valve disease may result from other illnesses‚ such as rheumatic fever‚ heart disease‚ heart attacks‚ or infective endocarditis. It may be normal‚ or it could be a sign that possibly something can be wrong. Most heart murmurs are harmless. Some are signs of heart problems‚ especially if other signs or symptoms of a heart problem are present (webMd 1). Many people with
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Background: A 22-year-old healthy college student was experiencing a loss of appetite‚ fever‚ night sweats‚ joint pain and skin rashes during the month of February 2014. The patient had lost approximately 18 pounds and had a constant feeling of malaise. In attempts to diagnose the patient‚ doctors tried to rule out multiple autoimmune disorders such as Addison’s disease‚ Lupus‚ Leukemia‚ and Rheumatoid arthritis. Extensive blood work was taken with no prominent results except for an increased sedimentation
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What is Staph? Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that is commonly found on a person’s skin and inside their sensitive mucous lined areas‚ such as the inside of the nose. Usually‚ it is harmless because of the natural protective barriers that the body has. But‚ if the skin has any damage done to it‚ such as a scratch or scrape‚ this bacteria can quickly invade the wound‚ which in turn causes a staph infection. Treating Staphylococcus Infections If the infection is on the surface of the skin‚
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physical exam • LV function assessment—h/o CABG‚ h/o CHF‚ New CHF by physical exam‚ acute MI‚ old MI‚ periodic assessment of EF < 40%‚ pt on chemo with cardio toxic agents • Before sending pt to Cardiology • Suspected valvular endocarditis • Prosthetic valve assessment • Valvular heart disease • Congenital heart disease • Pericardial heart disease • Suspected hypertrophic cardiomyopathy • Acute cardio-pulmonary dysfunction • Respiratory
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The inflammatory pathology of the nervous system Any of the etiologic agents of infection may give determinations to the nervous system. Usually these are secondary locations of other infections in the body: infectious diseases‚ endocarditis‚ pulmonary and urinary infections‚ regional inflammations etc. The pathways by which pathogens reach the bodies nervous system are: through blood pressure‚ arteries or veins‚ dissemination of nearby (eg the sinuses‚ internal ear‚ etc..) or through neuronal
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CARDIO-VASCULAR: A) Inspection: 1. Scars : valve lesion‚ surgery - pacemaker box-under pec. muscle 2. Skeletal abnormalities : pectus escavatum(funnel chest) - Kyphoscoliosis - Marfan’s syndrome-move position of heart-move apex beat 3. Deformities: interfere pulmonary function – pulmonary hypertension 4. Apex beat : Normal position – 5th left intercostal space‚ 1cm medial midclavicular
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ANTI-INFECTIVES Anti-infective agents are drugs that are designed to act selectively on foreign organisms that have invaded and infected the body of a human host. Ideally‚ these drugs would be toxic to the infecting organisms only and would have no effect on the host (or human) cells. OVERVIEW • Antimicrobial therapy (often termed “antibiotic therapy”) is the use of medications to treat infections caused by bacteria‚ viruses‚ and fungi. • Antimicrobial must use selective toxicity to kill
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MRSA in the World Methicillian-resistant Staphylococcus aureus‚ also known as MRSA‚ is any strain of the bacteria S.aureus that has evolved a resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics‚ which includes the penicillin and cephalosporin family. This creates world-wide concern because there aren’t too many antibiotics left to treat S. aureus if the drug evolves greater resistances to stronger antibiotics. MRSA is one of the top leading causes of nosocomial acquired infections. According to an article
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