Hox Genes | November 15 2010 | | Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy | Homeotic complex (Hox) genes are defined as a group of related genes that specify the anterior-posterior axis and segment identity of metazoan organisms during early embryonic development. These are situated very close to one another on the chromosome in groups of clusters. The orders of these genes located on the chromosomes are the same as the expression of the genes in the development of an embryo‚ whereas the first
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Experiment 2: Starch Hydrolysis by Amylase Theoretical Background Polymers of carbohydrates are called polysaccharides‚ and make up some of the most important naturally occurring compounds [1]. They have thousands of monosaccharide units linked to each other by oxygen bridges. They include starch‚ glycogen‚ and cellulose‚ all three of which yield only glucose when completely hydrolyzed [2]. A B Figure 1. Starch (amylose) (A) and cellulose (B) Starch
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Melanocytes – pigment –protects against UV light Dermis – Nourishes epidermis; provides strength; contains exocrine glands Collagenous tissue – strength Skin Derivates A. Hair– protection and warmth (vellus – fine un-pigmented hair: terminal hair – course and pigmented) B. Sebaceous Glands – Secrete oily substance that lubricates hair shaft and water proofs the epidermis C. Sweat Glands – Produce perspiration for evaporative cooling D. Nails – Protect and stiffen distal tips of digits E. Sensory
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maculopapular rash. N. Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever ____Attacks the nervous system causing paralysis‚ lock jaw and respiratory diffic.; no medic to treat it. O. Roseola ____Infected saliva from affected host; affects CNS and salivary glands. P. Rubella ____High fever 2-3 wks‚ malaise‚ myalgia‚ HA‚ chills‚ conjunctival
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conditioning is when we find a stimulus that will evoke a particular response from the subject being studied (i.e. humans or animals). In a scientific setting we can control the response that we want to evoke. For example Pavlov’s study with the dogs salivary glands‚ he controlled
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Digestive system 6.1.1 explain why digestion of large food molecules is essential * Large food molecules are polymers‚ broken down into monomers in order to be absorbed into the blood * Humans eat substances by other organsims‚ many which are not suitable for human tissues therefore they must be broken down and reassembled in a form that is suitable * Many molecules in foods are too large to be absorbed by the villi in the small intestine‚ the large molecules have to be broken down
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How does the type of epithelial tissue relate to its function? Give at least 1 example of where you would find each type of epithelial tissue. 4. Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands. Give an example of each. 5. What is the difference between apocrine‚ merocrine and holocrine glands? Which is the most common? 6. Describe connective tissue’s intercellular material. 7. What are the 8 main types of connective tissue? Briefly describe each. 8. Order the types of connective
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labor and delivery is *oxytocin The primary function of ADH is to ____ decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys ___ cells secrete somatostatin while____ cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide in the pancrease delta‚ F The pituitary gland releases nine important___ peptide hormones Parathyroid hormone = released when Calcium levels are low in blood -stimulates osteoclast activity -increases the rate of calcium absorption by digestive tract -decreases the rate of calcium excretion
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needed to breakdown food are excessive and cause the stomach to over work therefore causing surrounding parts to be over worked as well. If the stomach is always churning food the digestion processes is always on going. Parietal cells and gastric glands are directly related to the formation of ulcers. A major causing factor is chronic inflammation due to Helicobacter pylori that colonizes the mucosa. The immune system is unable to clear the infection‚ despite the appearance of antibodies. Thus‚ the
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is forced up into the ducts (vas deferens) into the seminal tubule and into the ejaculatory ducts‚ which moves semen into the urethra. Once that occurs‚ the semen covers the sperm and it moves into the prostate gland and down into the urethra opening. Semen comes from the prostate gland and the main function of this fluid is to transport sperm to the female reproductive system. a. Thompson‚ G. (n.d.). Understanding Anatomy and Physiology. Understanding Anatomy and Physiology. Retrieved June 12
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