Community and ecosystem diversity Every species‚ varying from bacteria to higher plants and animals‚ stores an immense amount of genetic information. For example‚ the number of genes is about 450-700 in mycoplasma‚ 4000 in E. coli‚ 13000 in Drosophila melanogaster‚
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places include in pheromone glands between the 8th and 9th segments of the lepidopteran abdomen and the aedaegal glands of most insects (Gieselhardt et al. 2008‚ Roelofs and Brown 1982‚ Ayasse et al 2001). There are many other‚ more unexpected‚ locations at which pheromones are released or stored. These include the antennae of many parasitic wasps (Isidoro et al. 1996)‚ the cuticle of insects in the form of lipids (Jurenka et al. 2007)‚ venom glands of ants and mandibular glands of some flightless bees
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Cystic fibrosis is a crippling disease that affects thousands of people worldwide. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease of the secretory glands that causes persistent lung infections and limits the ability to breathe over time. It causes cells to produce thick and sticky mucus‚ sweat‚ and digestive juices that block airways‚ ducts‚ and passageways. There is no cure‚ but there are ways to manage symptoms. According to the World Health Organization‚ the occurrence of cystic fibrosis varies across
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chemical and mechanical digestion occurs. Food inters the mouth and is chewed by the teeth‚ turned over and mixed with saliva by the tongue. The sensations of smell and taste from the food sets up reflexes which stimulate the salivary glands‚ saliva is produced by the salivary glands and is released into the mouth. Saliva begins to break down the food‚ moistening it and making it easier to swallow and contains a digestive enzyme called amylase which breaks down the carbohydrates (starches and
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I.INTRODUCTIONAcute Gastroenteritis (AGE)Gastroenteritis is a catchall term for infection or irritation of the digestive tract‚ particularly thestomach and intestine. It is frequently referred to as the stomach or intestinal flu‚ although theinfluenzavirus is not associated with this illness. Major symptoms includenausea andvomiting‚ diarrhea‚ and abdominal cramps. These symptoms are sometimes also accompanied byfever and overall weakness. Gastroenteritis typically lasts about three days. Adults
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Normal | Inspect the neck. | Upon inspection patient’s neck is symmetric with head centered without bulging masses/ | Normal | Inspect movement of the neck structures. | Upon inspection the thyroid cartilage‚ criroid cartilage and thyroid gland move upward symmetrically as the patient swallows. | Normal | Inspect the cervical vertebrae. | Upon inspection C7 (vertebrae prominens) is visible and palpable | Normal | Inspect the range of motion | Upon inspection neck movement is smooth
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Chapter 5 The skin is composed of two distinct regions‚ the epidermis and the dermis. These two areas are firmly attached to one another along a wavy borderline. The epidermis (epi = upon) composed of epithelial cells‚ and is the outermost protective shield of the body. Epidermis - Structurally‚ the epidermis is a thick keratinued stratified squamous epithelium consisting of four distinct cell types and five distinct layers. Cells of the Epidermis - Cells populating the epidermis include: keratinocytes
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Saliva Lab Since the amylase enzyme is present in saliva‚ starch digestion begins in the mouth. Salivary amylase changes the polysaccharide starch into many disaccharide molecules of maltase (a simple sugar) which are further broken down into glucose units by maltase enzyme in the As stated above‚ saliva contains the amylase enzyme which begins the breakdown of starches. The efficiency of starch digestion by amylase can be measured by how much simple sugar it produces under
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Lipid Digestion The process of mastication is our only conscious act in the digestion of the foods we consume. After that‚ it’s out of sight‚ out of mind; but should it be? What does it take to transform that last swallow into the energy our body needs to sustain itself? In the case of lipid digestion‚ the real magic occurs throughout the gastrointestinal tract with a synergistic collaboration from the accessory organs: the liver‚ gallbladder and pancreas. Understanding the whole process of digestion
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Alveoli and Blood Capillaries. SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM The structure of the cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cube-like cells. They have large single spherical and central nucleus. Have basement membrane. They are found in Thyroid Gland and Surface of Ovaries. SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM The structure of the simple columnar epithelium is a unilayer of column-like cells which are taller than others. They have single spherical nucleus. Have basement membrane. They are found
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