Changes in the Atmosphere Causing Multicellularity About 2.5 billion years ago‚ oxygen began slowly to accumulate in the atmosphere‚ as a result of the photosynthetic activity of the cyanobacteria. Those prokaryotes that were able to use oxygen in ATP production gained a strong advantage‚ and so they began to prosper and increase. Some of these cells may have evolved into modern forms of aerobic bacteria. Other cells may have become symbionts with larger cells and evolved into mitochondria
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unit of all organisms.” But what makes cells extremely important to living organisms‚ and why do we need cells anyway? Cells are made of many organelles‚ these include the Nucleus‚ DNA‚ Ribosomes‚ Lysosomes‚ Mitochondrion‚ Vacuoles‚ Cytoplasm‚ Endoplasmic‚ Golgi‚ and the Cell Membrane. There is one specific job of each organelle in a cell. The Nucleus is basically the control
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Human Physiology Spring 2014 Exam I 1. If red blood cells are placed in a hyperosmotic solution they will: a. shrink b. swell c. can’t tell what the cell will do d. remain the same 2. If red blood cells are placed in a solution that is hypotonic the cells will: a. shrink b. swell c. remain the same d. change depends on type of solutes 3. Using the information presented in lecture which of the following is most likely to be the source for the keto acid necessary for the production
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and cell life 8. two rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus; direct formation of the mitotic spindle 9. dense‚ darkly staining nuclear body; packaging site for ribosomes microfilaments 10. contractile elements of the cytoskeleton endroplasmic reticulum 11. membranous system; involved in intracellular transport of proteins and synthesis of membrane lipids ribosomes 12. attached to membrane systems or scattered in the cytoplasm; synthesize proteins chromatin 13. threadlike structures in the nucleus;
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Biochemistry of Muscle Contraction Fred P. Guillergan M.D.‚ FPCP Outline histology and biochemistry of muscles (Striated & smooth) – Myosin – Actin‚ Tropomyosin‚ Troponin – Accessory proteins of muscles Biochemical events in muscle contraction Calcium‚ Ca2+-binding proteins and Ca2+ channels in muscle contraction Biochemistry of Cardiac & Smooth muscle contraction Energetics of muscle contraction ☻Able to understand the normal anatomy and physiology of different types of muscles
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Frederick Griffith | This person made an experiment that involved injecting mice with pneumonia: smooth S cells‚ rough R cells‚ heat-killed S cells‚ and heat-killed S cells with living R cells. | Avery‚ McCarty‚ and MacLeod | First to show that DNA was the genetic material‚ but not believed. Repeated Griffith’s experiment‚ but subjected the strains to different enzymes‚ isolating RNA‚ DNA‚ lipids‚ carbohydrates‚ and proteins. Only the DNA killed the mice; the others had the mice survive. | Hershey
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Chapter 1 Section 1 Anatomy-Study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationships among body parts Gross Anatomy -involves the examination of relatively large structures and features usually visible with the unaided eye Microscopic Anatomy-deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification Physiology-the study of function and considers the functions of the human body Anatomy and physiology are closely interrelated Theroretically Practically Anatomical
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18. The individual flattened stacks of membrane material inside the chloroplast are known as ___. c) thylakoids. 19. The fluid-filled area of the chloroplast is the ___. b) stroma 20. The chloroplast contains all of these except ___. e) endoplasmic reticulum 21. The chloroplasts of plants are most close in size to __. d)
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affect the function of Joseph’s heart cells? Organelles are protected within a cell by the cell membrane’s phospholipid bilayer. Mitochondria‚ the cell’s powerhouse also has a double-membrane. Single membrane organelles include ribosomes‚ endoplasmic reticulum‚ Golgi apparatus‚ lysosomes‚ peroxisomes‚ proteasomes‚ and the nucleus. Because each type of organelle has a specific function and structure‚ with specific and different chemical reaction‚ the absence of membranes would cause “chemical chaos”
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SNC 2D3 CHAPTER TEST REVIEW- CELL DIVISION TOPICS: 1. Cell organelles: structure & function 2. Compare & contrast eukaryotes and prokaryotes 3. Diagrams: animal and plant cells 4. Compare & contrast animal and plant cells 5. Diagram: bacterial cells 6. Bacterial cells: structural features & functions 7. Identify the 2 types of reproduction in bacteria 8. Cell cycle 9. Mitosis 10. Cytokinesis in animals and plants 11. Calculate diploid‚ haploid number and chromosome numbers 12. Cancer:
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