the white blood cell. Once the mRNA is created it is passed on to the ribosome where peptide synthesis occurs. (See figure 2) then it is secreted via the nuclear envelope‚ which is a double bi-layer. These polypeptides are fed into the rough endoplasmic reticulum by the ribosome binding to the rough endoplasm and secreting the protein in the organelle. Figure 2 showing peptide synthesis occurring in a ribosome. (Boumphreyfr 1 March 2009)
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The endoplasmic reticulum of a cell’s main use is to make‚ package and distribute certain types of proteins. There are two distinct types of ER which are smooth and rough. Smooth ER works to create and store lipids while the rough ER works to package proteins. Endoplasmic Reticulum is like the gas tank of a car because it helps to store and distribute gasoline to the engine of the car. The
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Cell Structure and Function Chapter Outline Cell theory Properties common to all cells Cell size and shape – why are cells so small? Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Organelles and structure in all eukaryotic cell Organelles in plant cells but not animal Cell junctions History of Cell Theory mid 1600s – Anton van Leeuwenhoek Improved microscope‚ observed many living cells mid 1600s – Robert Hooke Observed many cells including cork cells 1850 – Rudolf Virchow
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consisted of a phospholipid bilayer. This bilayer is a double membrane made up of hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic heads. The function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify‚ sort‚ and package proteins‚ lipids and other materials from the Cellular endoplasmic reticulum for storage within the Cell and for exporting to the exterior of the Cell. The vesicles are small compartments that are involved in the exporting and importing of material in‚ out‚ and within the cell. The structure of the plasma membrane
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the most prominent feature if a eukaryotic cell‚ it controls the cell’s activities and contains the organisms hereditary material. The nucleus is made up of a number of parts; the nuclear envelope is a double membrane that continues with the endoplasmic reticulum‚ it controls the entry and exit of materials and it contains the reactions taking place within it. The nuclear pores are passages in the envelope and allow molecules such as mRNA to move out of the nucleus‚ so that it can be spliced and the
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Labeled Plant Cell Plant Cell Organelles Amyloplast A major component of plants that are starchy in nature‚ the amyloplast are organelles that store starch. They are classified as plastids‚ and are also known as starch grains. They are responsible for the conversion of starch into sugar‚ that gives the starchy plants and tubers energy. Function: Synthesis and storage of starch granules Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane The cell membrane is a thin layer made up of proteins‚ lipids‚ and
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The Golgi complex’s structure is made up of many flattened membranes sacs that are surrounded by tubules or vesicles. These are called the cisternae. The golgi complex accepts vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them for usage in the cell. The golgi complex is used to distribute materials which help form the cell membranes. They also assemble the membranous material by producing glycolipids and glycoproteins. The golgi complexes also hand their vesicles materials for secretion
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There are 8 key components of a cell; cell membrane‚ nucleus‚ cytoplasm‚ mitochondria‚ endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)‚ ribosomes‚ Golgi apparatus/complex and lysosomes. The cell membrane is a thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell. Its purpose is to hold the structure of the cell‚ protecting and enclosing all of the other organelles within it. The semi-permeable membrane enables substances to move in and out of the cell. The nucleus is like the brain of the cell. It is the
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for a nucleus is information storage‚ transmission‚ ribosome subunit assembly‚ and structural support. Flag stands for flagella; the flagella is a tail-like piece of the cell that allows it to swim through liquid. ER stands for endoplasmic reticulum; the endoplasmic reticulum is used for protein synthesis and processing. Mito is short for mitochondrion; the mitochondrion is in charge of making energy (ATP production). Golgi is short for golgi apparatus; golgi does the protein‚ lipid‚ and carbohydrate
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subunit and the small subunit. 70s ribosomes are found in prokaryotes whilst 80s ribosomes are found in eukaryotes. They are involved in protein synthesis. They can either be found free in the cytoplasm or on the outer surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria Aerobic respiration occurs here producing ATP (the energy currency of the cell). They have a highly folded inner membrane which provides a large surface area for the respiration reactions. Some reactions also
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