Policy Sci DOI 10.1007/s11077-011-9137-3 Science‚ technology and innovation in a 21st century context John H. Marburger III Ó Springer Science+Business Media‚ LLC. 2011 This editorial essay was prepared by John H. ‘‘Jack’’ Marburger for a workshop on the ‘‘science of science and innovation policy’’ held in 2009 that was the basis for this special issue. It is published posthumously. Linking the words ‘‘science‚’’ ‘‘technology‚’’ and ‘‘innovation‚’’ may suggest that we know more about how these
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Studying English language in an English-speaking country is the best but not the only way to learn the language. Do you agree or disagree with this statement. Some people believe that the students have to go abroad to study English while other people claim that beside learning English in an English-speaking country‚ there are a number of ways to study this language. I am strongly persuaded by the latter idea by the following reasons. First of all‚ it cannot be denied that learning English in an
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Disadvantages of English As A Global Language A widely accepted definition of global English which can be found at "www.reference.com" is "English as a global means of communication in numerous dialects‚ and also the movements towards an international standard for the language‚ it is also referred to as world English‚ common English or general English." In regard to history and why English developed into a global language‚ Crystal(1977) points out that the current status of English dominance is mainly
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English is one of the most widely used languages in today’s world and has a great impact on a successful career. Due to rapid modernization and westernization‚ the popularity of the English language has increased. It is internationally used and globally accepted. “English is being recreated every minute of every day‚ in billions of conversations in every country on earth; in countless books‚ films‚ television and radio programs‚ on the internet—recreated organically: that is‚ in ways that grow out
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ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE Abstract This paper is intended to raise awareness on the aspects which define English as an international language‚ by examining the characteristics of an international language‚ the number of users‚ how it spread to reach global status‚ what factors may impede its continued spread and what dangers are involved in the development of English as an international language. English’s
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Language Learning & Technology http://llt.msu.edu/vol12num2/chencheng/ June 2008‚ Volume 12‚ Number 2 pp. 94-112 BEYOND THE DESIGN OF AUTOMATED WRITING EVALUATION: PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES AND PERCEIVED LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS IN EFL WRITING CLASSES Chi-Fen Emily Chen and Wei-Yuan Eugene Cheng National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology‚ Taiwan Automated writing evaluation (AWE) software is designed to provide instant computergenerated scores for a submitted essay along with
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English is the most widely used universal language in the world and so it is no surprise that there will be many external influences from other languages. It continues to change and evolve as the years go on. There are many external influences that effects how language changes. An individual can choose if they want to follow the influences or choose to stick to what is to be believed as Standard English. It’s no secret that TV has had a great influence on the modern culture. TV often sets trends
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Standardization of the English Language There are several important events before 1500 that when listed together show a series of steps in the struggle for English language supremacy. These steps are mainly governmental‚ legal and official events that pushed English usage. In 1356 The Sheriff’s Court in London and Middlesex were conducted in English for the first time. When Parliament opened in 1362 the Statute of Pleading was issued declaring English as a language of the courts as well as of Parliament
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knows the importance of English language in today’s world‚ importance of English language in our society and importance of English in daily life.The importance of English language in non spoken countries as well importance of English language in Pakistan increases day by day.As we know importance of English in communication is become very important day by day.As the second language we could never ask for questions why even the kids are already learned with the English language. Since elementary to college
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The Origins of English Language The words from - Arabic origin 1) A part of Lithuanian media tends to portray HIV patients often as big-time debauchers‚ who engage in shameless insatiable sexual activities‚ relished with drugs and alcohol. (3‚ ‘Journalist hooked on making difference in peers’ coverage of HIV’- ‘Superstitions still big.’ Page 16‚ line 6) 2) Many of their experiments seem to involve coffee and IPods‚ and the word “branch” is rarely used. (2‚ ‘Coffee and IPods’ Page
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