for cash as purchases are made. The more transactions from bonds to cash increases the average bond holding and consequently the interest earned increases. However these exchanges are subject to a brokerage fee of b per transaction‚ this is assumed to be fixed. Therefore‚ the number of transactions are determined by a trade off between the costs of transactions and the earning on bonds in term of
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Critical assessment of Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Based View theories in terms of their usefulness in explaining firms’ internationalization strategies. Two Nobel Prize winners have extensively contributed to one of the theories that will be discussed in this essay. It is very exciting to access Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Based View theories in terms of their usefulness in explaining firms’ internationalisation strategies. This assessment will be based on two American
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The marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that effect marketing management’s ability to develop and maintain successful transactions with its target customers. "(Kotler 2009) Marketplace becomes more competitive after being rapidly changed by economics‚ technology and globalization." Without building customer relationship‚ only driven by product and technology is no longer enough for company. "(Kotler 2009) Thus‚ marketing mix has to be adapted for an organization
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INTRODUCTION Customary law is rooted in the history‚ tradition and culture of the people. It is the organic or living law of indigenous people of Nigeria regulating their lives and transactions. It is organic in that it is not static; it is regulatory in that it controls the lives and transactions of the community subject to it. Customary law in Nigeria include nature law and custom administered in the southern part of Nigeria as well as Islamic law administered in the Northern parts of Nigeria
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relationship between a company’s management‚ its board‚ its shareholders and other stakeholders‚ and the objectives for which the corporation is governed. There are mainly three important theories included in corporate governance‚ which are agency theory‚ transaction cost theory and stakeholder theory‚ each theory views corporate governance from different perspectives. These three theories play significant roles in understanding the corporate governance and helpful for people to know how the corporate governance
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Enron Corporation has been accused of cooking the books and overstating company profits in its financial reports. In addition‚ Enron’s trading business adopted mark-to-market accounting‚ which meant that once a long-term contract was signed‚ income was estimated as the present value of net future cash flows‚ even though in some cases there were serious questions about the viability of these contracts and their associated costs. Author Andersen provided both consulting and auditing services which
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Enron’s Questionable Transactions 1. Which segment of its operations got Enron into difficulties? * The fact that Kopper was appointed to Fastow and he was an employee at Enron was the first thing that got them into trouble. Another reason was that over 11 million was invested and it ended up not being invested at all. I believe these two situations ended up being the start of Enron’s problems. Enron also was not reporting the revenue for service correctly and his stock was paid
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their recruitment strategies. Referring to Enron‚ the major mistake made by leaders are as follows: Compensation Programs As in most other U.S. companies‚ Enron’s management was heavily compensated using stock options. Heavy use of stock option awards linked to short-term stock price may explain the focus of Enron’s management on creating expectations of rapid growth and its efforts to puff up reported earnings to meet Wall Street’s expectations. The stated intent of stock options is
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public company in the U.S‚ only to exit the year as the largest company to ever declare bankruptcy in U.S history. a) What were the business risks Enron faced and how did those risks increase the likelihood of material misstatements in the Enron’s financial statements? Enron faces most of the risk ordinarily faced by any energy company‚ including price instability and foreign currency risks. Enron operated in many different areas of the world with different regulatory and political risks
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Week 2 Case Study Case 9: Enron: Questionable Accounting Leads to Collapse 1. How did the corporate culture of Enron contribute to its bankruptcy? Effective leaders are good at attaining common goals and objectives in effective and efficient ways; unfortunately for Enron‚ this was not the case. In the beginnings of the company‚ Chairman Ken Lay and CEO Jeffrey Skilling were efficient in growing their company from a small oil and gas pipeline firm into one of the largest entities in its industry
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