Question I Give definition of earning management. Discuss in what instances is earnings managementacceptable and in what instances is it not acceptable. Before defining what earnings management is‚ it is important to understand the meaningof earnings first. Earnings are the profits of a company. Investors and analysts look to earningsto determine the attractiveness of a particular share. Companies with poor earnings prospectswill typically have lower share prices than those with good prospects
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hear the word Enron‚ they immediately associate it with the most important accounting scandal of our lifetimes. Enron was an American gas company that began as the Northern Natural Gas Company in 1931. Internorth‚ a holding company in headquartered in Omaha‚ Nebraska‚ purchased the Northern Natural Gas Company and reorganized it is 1979. Enron arose from the 1985 merger of Houston Natural Gas and Internorth. After building a large‚ new corporate headquarters in Omaha‚ the new Enron named former
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Enron is a company that specializes in energy and power industry. They provide gas‚ oil‚ and electrical services worldwide. These comprise wholesale services‚ retail energy services‚ broadband services‚ and transportation services. They have reported revenues of $100.789billion‚ $40.112billion‚ and $31.260 billion for the years 2000‚ 1999‚ and 1998 respectively. This is a growth of 151.3% from year 1999 to 2000 and 28.3% from 1998 to 1999. This is unparalleled in the relatively stable energy business
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IBCCI’s Misgivings: Four major frauds explained in the Price Waterhouse report. 1. According to the Sandstorm Report‚ some $633 million of losses related to treasury trading. 2. Price Waterhouse had been doing its job‚ there’s no way that this $1 billion exposure [in BCCI’s Central Treasury] which was taken to $11 billion exposure in the course of 3 or 4 months [in 1985] could have happened. 3. All of BCCI’s serious treasury problems were related to the activities at Grand Cayman
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it took Enron 16 years to go from about $10 billion of assets to $65 billion of assets‚ and 24 days to go bankruptcy. Enron is also one of the most celebrated business ethics cases in the century. There are so many things that went wrong within the organization‚ from all personal (prescriptive and psychological approaches)‚ managerial (group norms‚ reward system‚ etc.)‚ and organizational (world-class culture) perspectives. This paper will focus on the business ethics issues at Enron that were
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Running head: Enron and Ethics Enron: An Ethics Case StudyEnron: An Introduction The previous decades have seen the birth and meteoric rise of several corporate giants such as Microsoft and Apple‚ both of which have all but become household names in this day and age. Neither achieved their level of success overnight‚ especially not since they have long been known to be in direct competition with each other. On the contrary‚ both of them have had their share of scandals and controversies
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What Role Does Personal Ethics Play in an Organization In late 2001‚ the United States economy experienced a shock as Enron‚ the country’s 7th largest corporation‚ declared bankruptcy. Many people lost their jobs‚ and even more investors lost billions of stock dollars as shares collapsed. As the rubble was removed‚ many signs of unethical acts surfaced‚ and were found to be carried out by some of the principal parties in the company. This debacle not only affected the employees and investors
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Enron Questionable Transactions Question 1 The question which segment of its operations got Enron into difficulties is simple to answer‚ everything. Almost every all segments of their operation were improper. First of all‚ they practice unethical and dishonest practices which victimized workers‚ consumers‚ taxpayers and stockholders. Enron created partnerships within their own organization which led to them creating new financial instruments‚ called SPE’s (special purpose entities) which was
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Natural Gas‚became CEO‚ and the next year wonthe post of chairman. From the pipeline sector‚ Enron began moving into new fields. In 1999‚ the company launched its broadband services unit and Enron Online‚ the company’s website for trading commodities‚ which soon became the largest business site in the world. About 90 per cent of its income eventually came from trades over Enron Online. Growth for Enron was rapid.In 2000‚ the company’s annual revenue reached$100 billion US. Itranked as the seventh-largest
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accurate financial reports that are useful to managers‚ regulators and other stakeholders such as shareholders‚ creditors or owners (Financial Accounting Info‚ 2006). Inefficiencies in the processes of accounting may amount to a professional scandal. Accounting scandals or fraud can be explained in various ways. Accounting fraud is a deliberate and improper manipulation of the recording of sales revenue and/or expenses in order to make a company ’s profit performance appear better than it actually
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