Fair value in financial reporting: problems and pitfalls in practice – a case study analysis of the use of fair valuation at Enron David Gwilliam∗ and Richard H G Jackson School of Business and Economics‚ University of Exeter‚ Streatham Court‚ Rennes Drive‚ Exeter EX4 4PU‚ UK This paper has been accepted for publication in Accounting Forum ____________________________________________________________ ____________ Abstract This paper contributes to the debate on the use of mark to market
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could have prevented the fall of Enron. First of all‚ if the board of directors made the right strategies for Enron rather than created hundreds of SPEs to remove assets and debts off balance sheet‚ the picture of Enron could have made a difference. Secondly‚ if the audit committee of Enron could point out all those aggressive and risky accounting treatment and propose solutions‚ then the afterward damages could be eliminate or at least minimized. c. The BOD of Enron should have known about the risks
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UVA-F-1299 Rev. Feb. 8‚ 2011 This document is authorized for use only by Mattia Tenaglia at Tecnologico de Monterrey. Please do not copy or redistribute. Contact permissions@dardenbusinesspublishing.com for questions or additional permissions. ENRON CORPORATION’S WEATHER DERIVATIVES (A) Everybody talks about the weather‚ but nobody does anything about it.1 In October 2000‚ Mary Watts‚ the chief financial officer of Pacific Northwest Electric (PNW)‚ a utility servicing the Pacific Northwest
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Enron‚ once one of the fastest growing‚ innovative‚ and well managed business in the United States filed bankruptcy in December 2001. Shareholders‚ including Enron employees lost billions of dollars. The main question in everyone’s mind‚ is what truly happened to Enron? One act of Enron that contributed to the collapse was the Performance Bonus’s that were given to employees. Enron was a company that knew exactly what they wanted‚ and how to achieve every goal. The company needed strong‚ outgoing
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Case 1.4 AMRE‚ Inc. 1. Generally‚ ethics refer to moral principles and values. Random House Webster’s College Dictionary notes that ethics are “the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or governing a particular group‚ culture‚ etc.” An individual ’s ethics generally define what that individual believes to be right and wrong. Professional ethics are typically expressed by a code of conduct adopted by an organization that represents a profession. Professions
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From the Desk of: Imran Omer Case Study: WorldCom From its beginnings as a long distance call player to handler of Internet data traffic‚ WorldCom was a spectacular firework in the sky before it crashed out as one of the biggest bankruptcies America has witnessed in its corporate history. WorldCom carried more international voice traffic than any other company. It carried a large amount of the world‟s Internet traffic. WorldCom owned and operated a global IP (Internet Protocol) backbone that
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ENRON Introduction Enron was the country’s largest trader and marketer for electric and natural gas energy. Its core business was buying energy at a negotiated price and later‚ selling the energy when prices increased. As an energy broker‚ Enron provided a service by allowing producers to negotiate a certain price while Enron took the risk that prices would fall below what it bought energy. Buyers of energy also benefited because Enron could ensure the supply of energy. In 2000 Enron was listed
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What were the business risks enron faced‚ and how did those risks increase the likelihood of material misstatements in enron’s financial statement Enron faces most of the risk ordinarily faced by any energy company‚ including price instability and foreign currency risks. Enron operated in many different areas of the world with different regulatory and political risks. Enron faced business risks such as a complex business model‚ extensive use of derivatives and special purpose entities‚ aggressive
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The overall cause for Enron’s bankruptcy should be blamed on former chairman and CEO‚ Kenneth Lay. As an Enron executive‚ all of Lay’s concerns should have been focused on Enron’s profits‚ but all he cared about was his property. When he noticed Enron’s financial problem‚ he did not attempt to fix it‚ but made effort to maintain his own benefit and ignored the whole company’s and investors’ loss. His selfish and unethical behavior not only deceived the investors but also finally resulted in Enron’s
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Enron Questions 1. How did Enron’s corporate culture contribute to its bankruptcy? Enron’s corporate culture was greedy and arrogant. Arrogance and pride are what mostly contributed to the downfall of Enron. Employees made money for the executives. The company was thought of as a leading company‚ and imagined to be invincible. Once funds were gambled away‚ and the whole got deeper‚ more funds were gambled to attempt to create liquid assets to pay off debt. Eventually‚ it all ran out.
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