Gram staining From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia A Gram stain of mixed Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923‚ Gram-positive cocci‚ in purple) andEscherichia coli (Escherichia coli ATCC 11775‚ Gram-negative bacilli‚ in red)‚ the most common Gram stain reference bacteria Gram staining (or Gram’s method) is a method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). The name comes from its inventor‚ Hans Christian Gram. Gram staining
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Intro to Microbiology: Gram stain: Gram + Gram - Exotoxin Except Listeria has endotoxin Endotoxin Except Capsules Strep pneumo VERY Dangerous: (Some Strange Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules) 1. Salmonella 2. Strep 3. Kleibsiella 4. Hemophilus B 5. Pseudomonas 6. Nisseria-(largest capsule- most likely cause of any toxicity) 7. Citroacter Gram (+) Gram (-) N-acetyl muramic acid (Nam) + N-acetyl glucosamine (Nag) = Peptidoglycan wall Contains
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11/8/2013 Organization of Presentation Disease Stages‚ Transmission of Pathogens‚ and Epidemiology COS Headings: Microbial Growth and Microbes in the Environment Microbiology Demystified: chapter 13 • • • • • • • • • Disease terminology Types of Microbiota Disease classification Host involvement of diseases Stages of disease Modes of transmission and reservoirs of diseases Portals of entry and exit Nosocomial infections and emerging diseases Epidemiology Course Mentor: Kim Shahi‚ PhD Vocabulary
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Abstract The spread of antibiotic resistance is a universal threat to both humans and animals for treatment of microbial infections. The antibiotic resistance is generally not preventable but can still be controlled. Prolonged and repeated use of antibiotic leads to many pathogen becoming resistant to antibiotics. The resistance may be either intrinsic or acquired depending on the condition. Although classically attributed to chromosomal mutations‚ resistance is most commonly associated with
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In 1847 Ignaz Semmelweiss discovered that healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) were commonly transmitted by the hands of healthcare workers and hand washing was an important component in breaking the chain of infection (Weston‚ 2008 and World Health Organization (WHO)‚ 2009). Hand washing helps to control infection rates (Weston‚ 2008) and is the simplest and most effective way to break the chain of infection and prevent HCAIs (Pittet & Boye‚ 2001). This assignment will examine the chain of
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The industrial attachment is an important part of the course structure of the university. This is the time students appreciate the theoretical work done in the lecture halls when seen practically. This attachment introduces the student to the outside world in terms of working experience and also prepares them for the future. The department of applied biology therefore introduced the industrial attachment program in its learning curriculum to give students a chance to combine
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on their hands; some of these are harmless whilst others can be serious to patients that are in hospital (Resources‚ 2008). The pathogens which are of most concern include; Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)‚ Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)‚ Clostridium Difficile and Influenza Virus (Resources‚ 2008). Health Protection Agency (2010) stated that HCAIs are more than likely to travel from one person to another through skin to skin contamination for example‚ touching a patient’s
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village in Papua‚ New Guinea. Around the same time‚ American military personal in southeast Asia were acquiring penicillin-resistant gonorrhea from prostitutes. Then in 1983‚ a hospital recorded an intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Enterococcus faccium. This bacteria joined the already growing list of “super bugs” learning to outwit penicillin (Lewis). Antibiotic resistance spreads very fast. Between 1979 and 1987‚ of a large number of patients infected with pneumococcus‚ only .02%
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TASMANIAN INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL UNIT Evaluating environmental cleanliness in hospitals and other healthcare settings What are the most effective and efficient methods to use? Page 0 of 31 Evaluating environmental cleanliness in hospitals and other healthcare settings What are the most effective and efficient methods to use? Tasmanian Infection Prevention and Control Unit (TIPCU) Department of Health and Human Services‚ Tasmania Published 2012 Copyright—Department of Health
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The world is exist with germs of all kinds especially viruses and bacteria. Most of the time human bodies do a wonderful job of fending off these microbes. This sort of self-defense is due to the immune system‚ which detects any pathogen also known as disease-causing agent and attacks it with immune foot soldiers including macrophages‚ lymphocytes and phagocytes. Specifically‚ over 700 different strains of bacteria have been discovered in the human mouth‚ though most people are only host to 34 to
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