The Rise of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections by_ Ricki Lewis‚ Ph.D._ When penicillin became widely available during the second world war‚ it was a medical miracle‚ rapidly vanquishing the biggest wartime killer--infected wounds. Discovered initially by a French medical student‚ Ernest Duchesne‚ in 1896‚ and then rediscovered by Scottish physician Alexander Fleming in 1928‚ the product of the soil mold Penicillium crippled many types of disease-causing bacteria. But just four years after drug
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MICROBES AND FOOD – A ‘RELATIONSHIP’ Microbes and food have always had a love-hate relationship. Food producers have learned to harness their power -- and sometimes for good use. There is no doubt that organically grown fruits and vegetables are superior in flavor. Now‚ despite arguments to the contrary made by food manufacturers‚ they may well be more nutritious for a variety of reasons. There are always studies available to prove any point‚ especially one
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established and potential root canal irrigants. J Endod. 1995;21:513-515. 46. Gomes BP‚ Ferraz CC‚ Vianna ME‚ et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J. 2001;34:424-428. 47. Marais JT‚ Williams WP. Antimicrobial effectiveness of electro-chemically activated water as an endodontic irrigation solution. Int Endod J. 2001;34:237243.
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The purpose of this experiment was to create a new plasmid (pMV158GFP)‚ which lacks the malR protein and is mobile and has the GFP gene to be used to track the flow of genes between bacterial cells through conjugation. A plasmid with these qualities is necessary to create a plasmid that can be transferred to Gram-positive bacteria low in C&G (which are hard to transform with traditional means) by conjugation with other bacteria. Current vectors have the malR regulatory protein which imposes a problem
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patients with weaker immune systems/who are sick tend to get as was stated earlier are TB (Tuberculosis)‚ VRE (Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus)‚ VAP (Ventilator Associated Pneumonia)‚ C-diff (Clostridium difficile)‚ UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)‚ and MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). VRE is described as an inherited altered stretch of enterococcus that was first created in humans who were exposed to an antibiotic called vancomycin (Hedman‚ 2010). VRE cannot have an effect on people
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ingredients and served with different sauces. During fermentation pH (the acidity) of the batter decreases from 4.4 to 3.3‚ but so does nitrogen and free sugar. The main bacteria involved are Lactobaccillus fermentum‚ L. buchneri‚ Streptococcus lactis‚ S faecalis. METHOD OF PREPARATION Typical jalebi is made with a type of wheat flour called maida flour. This is fine ground flour which can be substituted with pastry flour in the US. Saffron is key to preparing jalebi to get the yellow or orange color of
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Unknown Experiment Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to distinguish and indentify an unknown bacterium. There are several tests that can help one eliminate and narrow down the options. The most useful test‚ and the very first one done‚ is a gram stain. This test will tell whether the bacterium is gram-positive or gram-negative. After the type of gram stain is identified‚ the tester has a wide array of differentiating tests at their disposal. Based on the results from these
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0314 Biofilms in Chronic Wounds: Current Research and Future Direction ABSTRACT Chronic wounds continue to be a significant healthcare problem. Although myriad factors have been implicated in impaired wound healing‚ recent research has focused on the role of matrix-based bacterial communities called biofilms that are often associated with chronic wounds. Various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to study the role of biofilms in non-healing wounds. Basic science and clinical
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hydrogen peroxide is dropped onto a slide of unknown 32 and resulted in bubbles. This result shows that unknown 32 is catalase positive since it broke down hydrogen peroxide and oxidase dismutase which resulted in water and oxygen. This eliminated Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. After the initial tests were conducted‚ five more tests were done to narrow down the genera and species. From the provided list of possible unknown genera‚ the only genus left was Staphylococcus. However Staphylococcus
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Phelps‚ Biology 205 MW 2:10pm. Unknown Organism Paper The unknown organism tested in the Mesa lab was collected from in between the toes of my puppy‚ Riley. The original culture grown consisted of dozens of visibly different organisms of varying colony colors and growth patterns. I chose to test a smaller‚ red colony for my experiments. Based on its gram reaction and oxygen requirements‚ the following tests were performed to reach my presumptive ID: Test Performed Result Gram Stain +
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