the reaction of butanols with hydrobromic acid. Before the lab began we discussed and proposed mechanisms. (see “Mechanisms”) To begin this experiment we calculated how much of each material we were going to be using‚ and the numbers we chose to use differed from our reference text slightly. We used 6.5 mL of our assigned butanol and only 4 mL of sulfuric acid. Going back to our reaction mechanisms‚ we were looking at SN1 and SN2 reactions‚ so we of course used the hydrobromic acid as our acid catalyst
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Experiment 28: The reaction of Butanols with Hydrobromic Acid Pre-lab Objective: The objective of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane with different catalyst:substrate ratios to determine which ratio is the most economically favorable. Discussion: In this experiment‚ 1-butanol or 2-butanol will be converted to the corresponding alkyl bromide with HBR‚ while using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The sulfuric acid will accelerate the chemical reaction with being consumed
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1. Put your safety goggles and lab coat on. 2. Gather all the necessary materials in order to conduct this experiment such as boiled water‚ distilled water‚ calcium chloride‚ distilled water‚ glycerin‚ test tubes‚ nails‚ test tube rack‚ graduated cylinders‚ tongs‚ scoopula‚ erasable marker and parafilm. 3. With the erasable marker‚ label the ten test tubes from 1 to 10. 4. For Test Tube 1‚ drop an iron nail in it without adding anything else. Place the test tube into the to-be-heated rack (50⁰F)
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purpose of this lab was to practice measuring the mass and volume of different samples and to calculate the density and specific gravity of those samples using the measurements. B. Equipment 1. Electronic balance- The electronic balance is a device used to measure the exact mass of an object 2. Graduated cylinder- The graduated cylinder is a tool used to measure the volume of a liquid 3. Pipets- Pipets are small tubes that suck up and contain liquids C. Technique 1. The water displacement technique
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distilled water Washing process is not only remove soluble protein‚ fat‚ and pro-oxidant‚ but may also remove antioxidant. Therefore the oxidative stability of muscle ultimately depends upon the antioxidant/prooxidant balance that remains after the muscle is washed. It suggests that washing may promote oxidation in mince since it effectively removes antioxidants from the fish. In addition‚ the neutral lipids are more easily removed than polar lipids‚ phospholipids and free fatty acid are concentrated
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From the results recorded it was identified that activity A and C had exothermic reactions‚ whilst activity B had an endothermic reaction. Each of the activities had initially begun with 23.4/8/9oC‚ however‚ within one minute of adding the 2nd reactants‚ the results began showing‚ as seen from the graph. Activity A and C had risen in temperature‚ with A gaining 4oC and in total of 2 minutes having the temperature of 27.9oC along with C increasing by 2.2oC and within 2 minutes of the experiment having
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polluted water so the water will have a clarity of 0%. If a filter is built for the polluted water‚ then the waters clarity will be 0% and the pH value will be 7. The purpose for this lab is to get the polluted water to a clarity of 0%. Water pollution is playing a major role in today’s ecosystems because the water is becoming unsafe to live in and unsafe to consume. “Water pollution is any physical or chemical change in water that adversely affects organisms” (Chiras‚ 2015). When the water is dirty
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The intention of the “Foul Water” lab was to purify a sample of sewage water and conserve as much as possible. The water should be clean enough to wash your hands with. My hypothesis is that the water will be cleaner than the initial water sample‚ but not to the standard that I would wash my hands with. Significant terms to know include purification‚ filtration‚ adsorption‚ volume‚ clarity‚ dissolved‚ filtrate‚ impurities‚ pipette‚ clay triangle‚ funnel cone‚ iron ring‚ beaker‚ and Erlenmeyer flask
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How reaction rate varies with sodium thiosulphate concentration Background information Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid are both colourless liquids‚ when the two reactants are reacted together they produce sulphur. The sulphur that is produced from the reaction changes the solution to yellow and cloudy‚ this is a precipitation reaction‚ where a two solutions react and a solid forms in the solution‚ the solid is said to precipitate out. Some reactions will occur quickly such as fireworks
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Introduction: This lab investigates the question‚ what is the water quality of the U-High creek based on micro invertebrates found in the creek? There are many factors that affect the quality of water such as phosphorus and nitrogen levels‚ dissolved oxygen‚ and pH. Phosphorus and nitrogen in water can increase the growth of aquatic plants and algae‚ leading to the decomposition of dead plant material and the removal of dissolved oxygen from water. The total nitrogen concentrations for freshwater
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