15.2 Born-Haber Cycle Our calculations of enthalpies so far have involved covalent substances. Now we need to look at the enthalpy changes involved in the formation of giant ionic lattices. Lattice enthalpy is defined as either the: ’the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a solid ionic crystal is broken into its ions in the gaseous state‚ at standard temperature and pressure. Because all the bonds in the ionic lattice are broken‚ it is an endothermic process‚ ∆H is positive. ’ The
Premium Ionic bond Ion Sodium chloride
F6/7 Chemistry Practical: Enthalpy of hydration of copper(II) sulphate Objective: To determine the enthalpy of hydration of copper(II) sulphate Group size: Individual Introduction This experiment enables an approximate determination of the enthalpy of hydration of copper(II) sulphate to be made. The enthalpy change when one mole of anhydrous copper(II) sulphate is dissolved in water is first determined. Secondly‚ the enthalpy of solution of copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate in water is determined
Free Thermodynamics Enthalpy Energy
Experiment ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY OF ZINC WITH COPPER SULFATE The CCLI Initiative Computers in Chemistry Laboratory Instruction LEARNING OBJECTIVES The learning objectives of this experiment are to. . . ! ! determine changes in enthalpy and entropy of the reaction of zinc with copper sulfate using two methods: electrochemistry and calorimetry. compare the enthalpy values obtained by the two methods. BACKGROUND Thermodynamics is concerned with energy changes that occur in chemical and physical process
Premium Electrochemistry Enthalpy Thermodynamics
Determining the Enthalpy Change for a Redox Reaction Criteria Assessed: Background Design Research Question What is the enthalpy change between the reaction of Zinc reducing Copper II ions? Purpose Determine the change in enthalpy for the redox reduction of zinc reducing Copper II ions. Independent Variable Dependent Variable The change in temperature Controlled Variables Materials/ Apparatus * Zinc powder * 2‚ Foam cups * 10 cm3 pipette * stopwatch * 1.00 M Copper II Sulfate
Premium Zinc Aluminium Iron
fluids before‚ during‚ and after a workout or race. Often athletes are not aware that they are losing body fluid or that their performance is being impacted by dehydration. If you are not sure how much fluid to drink‚ you can monitor your hydration using one of these methods. 1.Weight: Weigh yourself before practice and again after practice. For every pound you lose during the workout you will need to drink 2 cups of fluid to rehydrate your body. 2.Urine color: Check the
Premium Water Dehydration Sugar
Iron powder will react with cupric sulfate in a onetoone ratio (1 mole to 1 mole). The students will also be able to more easily visualize the size of a mole of iron and copper. The result obtained in this lab usually have less than a one percent error. Fe(s) + CuSO4 (aq) > FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Iron powder cupric sulfate ferrous sulfate copper In the reaction‚ iron will be the limiting reagent; it will be completely used up in the reaction. Cupric sulfate will be in excess; not all of it will be used up in the reaction
Premium Iron
researchers published an empirical article called the “Comparison of the Effects of Hydration with Water or Isotonic Solution on the Recovery of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation”. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of hydrating after strenuous activity. The ideal time that someone hydrates by drinking water‚ Gatorade‚ or any other sport drink is unclear. The researchers do know‚ however‚ that hydration helps with tolerance to strenuous activity because it helps regulate the body’s
Premium Sodium chloride Autonomic nervous system Obesity
Introduction Enthalpy change‚ ΔH‚ is defined as the heat output of a system as it goes through a reaction under constant pressure. It is an important aspect of thermochemistry‚ which is the study of energy changes during a chemical or physical reaction . When we calculate enthalpy change‚ we always assume that the pressure is constant. We are able to calculate enthalpy change numerous ways‚ notably by the increase in heat‚ Q‚ given by an exothermic reaction or the heat absorbed by an endothermic
Free Thermodynamics Enthalpy Specific heat capacity
Task 1: Assessment criterion 2.1 Determine the enthalpy change for the reaction (ΔHfθ) between zinc and copper sulphate solution‚ giving full practical details. Aim To determine the enthalpy change for the reaction between zinc and copper sulphate. Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) Introduction In the study of energy (thermodynamics) the system refers to the reacting chemicals (zinc and copper sulphate solution) and the surroundings is everything else (atmosphere
Premium Covalent bond Sulfuric acid Atom
OBSIDIAN HYDRATION There are two ways of Obsidian Hydration. One is to determine if the artifact is older or younger as the other is a calendar date of AD/BC being used. The decision of which one to use is relative or absolute dating depends on the environment’s condition. The dating of Obsidian Hydration artifacts‚ which is based on the fact that a freshly made surface of obsidian will absorb water from it’s surroundings to form a measurable hydration layer. For example‚ cracking of the lava
Premium Dew point Archaeology Relative humidity