Coconut Water Wax A Breakthrough in Fruit Preservation ABSTRACT This study utilized coconut water to produce a wax preservative for fruit and other foodstuff. Different fresh fruits were collected and assigned to four different treatments: * Treatment I (Control): fresh fruits without anything done * Treatment 2: fruits soaked in coconut water for 10 minutes * Treatment 3: fruits covered with coconut water wax * Treatment 4: refrigerated fruits The fruits used were oranges
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Copper (II) Sulfate Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to find out how many moles of water there are in one mole of Copper Sulfate (CuSO x HO) and the percent by mass of water in the hydrate. This will be accomplished by heating a determined mass of the hydrate to remove the water‚ and by measuring the salt left over. Introduction: This laboratory experiment will be done to find out how many moles of HO are present per one mole in the hydrate CuSO. A hydrate is a compound that has a fixed number
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proficiency in using the balance and Bunsen burner. Determine that all the water has been driven from a hydrate by heating your sample to a constant mass. Relate results to the law of conservation of mass and the law of multiple proportions. Perform calculations by using the molar mass. Analyze the results and determine the empirical formula of the hydrate and its percentage by mass of water. Hypothesis: If the hydrated form of CuSO4 is heated then it will remove the water turning it to the anhydrous
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WHAT IS PHARMACOGNOSY? Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs of natural origin. The term comes from two Greek words: "pharmakon" meaning drug or medicine‚ and "gnosis" meaning knowledge. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical‚ chemical‚ biochemical and biological properties of drugs‚ drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources". Plant preparations are said
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illogical‚ inadequate‚ not sound or can be shown to be wrong. Hydrates are inorganic salts that hold water. They contain a specific number of strongly bonded water molecules as part of their crystal structure. Such water molecules are called water(s) of hydration‚ or water(s) of crystallization. The formula of a hydrate consists of the formula of the anhydrous (without water) compound followed by a dot‚ then the specific number of water molecules. The dot in the formula indicates a type of bond‚ while strong
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measuring enthalpy changes In all the following questions‚ assume that the densities and specific heat capacities of the solutions are the same as pure water i.e. ρ = 1.0 gcm-3 and c = 4.18 Jg-1K-1 1. Zinc will displace copper from copper (II) sulphate solution according to the following equation: CuSO4(aq) + Zn(s) ( Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq) If an excess of zinc powder is added to 50 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 copper(II) sulphate‚ the temperature increases by 6.3 oC. Calculate the enthalpy change
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takes precedence (a) V2O5 (1) (b) ZnSO4 (1) (c) AgI (1) (d) CF3Cl3 (1) (e) (NH4)2SO4 / ZnSO4 (1) (f) CH4 (1) (g) (NH4)2SO4 (1) [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [Total: 7] A2 (a) sulfur dioxide (1) Allow SO2 (b) copper(II) sulfate (1) Allow CuSO4 (c) H+ + OH– → H2O (1) Ignore state symbols (d) (i) Copper(II) hydroxide (1) Allow Cu(OH)2 (ii) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) → Cu(OH)2(s) Balanced equation (1) Correct state symbols (1) [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] (e) Mol ratio Cu:O = CuO (1) 79.9 20.1 : / 1
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mL) Safety goggles Lab apron Plastic gloves Full face shield Reagents Zinc Magnesium Iron Copper 1M hydrochloric acid‚ HCl 1M sulphuric acid‚ H2SO4 1M acetic acid‚ HC2H3O2 1M phosphoric acid‚ H3PO4 Procedure: Please refer to Health Chemistry‚ Laboratory Experiments‚ page(s) 75-76. Data and Observations: Table 1: Comparison of Metal Activities Zinc Magnesium Copper Iron Hydrochloric acid Small bubbles Many bubbles N.R. color change (black) Sulfuric acid
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Lab #6 Properties of Hydrates Purpose: The purpose of the “Properties of Hydrates” lab is to study hydrates‚ and be able to identify them. This lab also focuses on observing the reversibility of hydration reactions by hydrolysis‚ and also testing substances for efflorescence of deliquescence. Procedure: A. Identification 1. Place 0.5 grams of each compound (Nickel Chloride‚ Potassium Chloride‚ Sodium Tetraborate‚ Sucrose‚ Calcium Carbonate‚ and Barium Chloride) in a small dry test
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between (n-1)d &ns orbital as a result both (n-1)d &ns electrons take part in bond formation. The highest oxidation state of an element is equal to number of unpaired electrons present in (n-1)d &ns orbital. Transition elements have high enthalpy of atomization/ sublimation Because of large number of unpaired electrons in their atoms‚ they have stronger interatomic interaction and hence strong metallic bonding is present between atoms. Most of transition elements are paramagnetic due
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