period 7 Chemistry Rubber Bands and Spontaneity Purpose: The purpose of this activity was to determine if a chemical or a physical change is spontaneous. This activity was also designed to determine if a change is spontaneous by using change in enthalpy and change in entropy with the structure of polymers. Hypothesis: If you heat the rubber band and then streatch it‚ then the rubber band will become shorter meaning it will release eneregy because it is not relaxed and the polymers are disordered
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Abstract: Enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol was determined by measuring change in temperature and pressure of ethanol using a Vernier temperature probe. By using the ideal gas equation‚ and plugging the slope value from the graph into the Clausius-Claypernon equation‚ enthalpy of vaporization was determined to be 10kJ/mol. The percent error was determined to be 76.0%. Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to investigate vapor pressures and the partial pressure of gas produced from liquids
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P-V-T surface * T-S diagram for a pure substance * h-s diagram for a pure substance Thermodynamic Properties * Characteristics by which physical properties of system may be described. e.g. pressure‚ volume‚ temperature‚ entropy‚ enthalpy etc. * Properties are the coordinates by which state of the system is described. * Any operation in which one or more properties of system may change is called change of state. * Thermodynamic properties are of two types : Extensive
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dissolve exothermically in water. The enthalpy change of solution‚ ΔHsoln‚ is the energy change associated with the following reaction. M represents the Group I metal. M +(aq) + OH–(aq) M OH(s) + (aq) The following diagram represents theoretical stages in the formation of aqueous MOH. M +(g) + OH-(g) + (aq) lattice energy hydration enthalpy of the ions H hydration M OH(s) + (aq) H soln M +(aq) + OH-(aq) Lattice energy and hydration enthalpy are both more exothermic when ions
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AIM: The aim of the experiment was to determine the enthalpy (ΔH)‚ entropy (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the Rhodamine β-Lactone Equilibrium. To accomplish this‚ a manual spectrophotometer was used to determine the maximum absorbance of a sample of Rhodamine β-Lactone. The absorbance of the sample was then measured over a range of temperatures from which the equilibrium constant (K)‚ enthalpy (ΔH)‚ entropy (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy were then calculated. INTRODUCTION: The xanthene
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52 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 53 I. Structure of Matter (20%) B. Chemical bonding 1. Binding forces a. Types: ionic‚ covalent‚ metallic‚ hydrogen bonding‚ van der Waals (including London dispersion forces) c. Polarity of bonds‚ electronegativities 2. Molecular models a. Lewis structures TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING Ionic Bonding - two atoms of opposite charge electrically attracted to one another Covalent Bonding - two atoms each sharing electrons within a molecular orbital Metallic
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reactants in the exothermic reactions had a greater amount of heat content than the products‚ and therefore producing a negative enthalpy. Activity B however created an endothermic reaction‚ absorbing heat from its surroundings‚ due to its lack of energy. Ammonium Chloride and Water had shown to have more products than reactants; and this consequently produced a positive enthalpy change. As Activity A and B produced exothermic reactions‚ they are most suitable for heat and eat packs. This is due to the
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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE‚ PILANI INSTRUCTION DIVISION FIRST SEMESTER 2011‐2012 Course Handout (Part – II) Date: 02/08/2011 In addition to Part I (General handout for all course appended to timetable)‚ this portion gives further specific details regarding the course. Course No. : Course Title : Instructor‐in‐Charge : Team of Instructors : 1. 2. 3. 4. BITS F111 Thermodynamics M S Soni
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Ideal Verses Actual In Rankine-Cycle Rankine-cycle is a known mechanical-cycle which is being commonly used in the power plants for converting the pressure energy of steam into mechanical energy using steam turbines. Major components of it are rotating steam turbine and boiler pump and stationary condenser and boiler. Boiler is used for heating the water for generation of steam at required pressure and temperature as per the requirement of the turbine for power generation. Turbine exhaust is directed
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16-1 Solutions Manual for Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition Yunus A. Cengel‚ Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill‚ 2011 Chapter 16 CHEMICAL AND PHASE EQUILIBRIUM PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL This Manual is the proprietary property of The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and protected by copyright and other state and federal laws. By opening and using this Manual the user agrees to the following restrictions‚ and if the recipient does not agree to these restrictions‚ the
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