CHEMICAL BONDS Chemical Bonds I. Introduction Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms called a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are the covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds are bonds in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Covalent bonds
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an object. An example of a physical property of an object would be the color‚ mass‚ solubility‚ volume‚ or the polarity of an object. A physical property can change the appearance of an object‚ but that does not mean that the chemical composition has to change. The chemical composition can remain the same. Physical properties are separated into two different categories. They are separated in to intrinsic properties and extrinsic properties. Extrinsic properties rely on the amount of material
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Chemical bonds are what make up the world. In bonds‚ elements are held together and form compounds that may have new physical and chemical properties. There are two main kinds of bonds‚ they ionic and covalent. In bonding the goal of the atoms involved is to reach a level of stability with less energy. In order to reach the epitome of stability‚ as in the case of noble gases‚ an atom strives to complete its outer shell. Either losing or gaining electrons may do this‚ which concludes in an ionic bond
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CASE 1 - A CASE STUDY OF VICTORIA CHEMICALS Corporate Finance (FEG304) Table of Contents 1.0) Introduction This report contains two case studies in the discourse of Corporate Finance‚ more specifically capital investment strategy. The cases are applied on the fictional company Victoria Chemicals and are divided into (A): “The Merseyside Project and Victoria Chemicals” and (B): “The Merseyside and Rotterdam project”. The cases are picked from the book “Case Studies
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Products The products manufactured by Eastman Chemical Company are categorized in five key sectors. Defined by the end use of the products‚ these sectors provide a basic overview of the types of products produced. Included in the description of each sector is a brief summary of the type of consumer or industrial goods that utilize the products manufactured by Eastman.[5] Coatings‚ adhesives‚ specialty polymers and inks Utilizing raw materials including propane‚ ethane‚ butane‚ high sulfur coal
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Chemical Reactions Chemical Change • reorganization • original substances form new substances with different formulas • may or may not involve a change of state • symbols used to describe chemical reaction are known as a chemical equation • Chemical equations do not have equal signs (=) they have an arrow Chemical Equations • Must follow the Law of Conservation of Matter • atoms can neither be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction • What
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Chemical Engineering Overview The Field - Preparation - Day in the Life - Industries - Earnings Employment - Professional Development - Career Path Forecast Professional Organizations The Field It would take too long to list all the products that are impacted by chemical engineers‚ but knowing what industries employ them may help you comprehend the scope of their work. Chemical engineers work in manufacturing‚ pharmaceuticals‚ healthcare‚ design and construction‚ pulp and paper‚ petrochemicals
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Chemicals of Life • With the exception of water‚ virtually all chemicals of life are CARBON based • Molecules that contain Carbon are considered organic with some exceptions such as CO2 • Carbon has 4 valence electrons so it is oriented in a tetrahedron shape Sketch→ • Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds and can form long chains‚ rings‚ and branched chain molecules • Carbon acts as the backbone of biological molecules • Molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons→
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Chemical Bonds Chemical Bond: is the force that holds atoms together in a compound. They form because they lower the potential energy of the charged particles that compose atoms. Chemical bonds can be broadly classified into two types: Ionic and Covalent. Ionic: metal & nonmetal Metals have a tendency to lose electrons and nonmetals have a tendency to gain them. The metal atom becomes a cation and a nonmetal becomes an anion. The oppositely charged ions attract one another and form an ionic
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Chemical Reactions & Equations CHEMICAL REACTION : In a reaction when the original state of the particle changes and it cannot be reversed by simple physical means‚ this type of reaction is known as chemical reaction. Example :- Fermentation of grapes‚ burning of wood etc. In this reaction we have seen that after burning of wood‚ coal is formed and we cannot make wood from coal. PHYSICAL REACTION : In a reaction when original state of the particle can be recovered by any means then this type of
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