Focus On Concepts Section 15.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics 1. The first law of thermodynamics states that the change U in the internal energy of a system is given by U = Q - W‚ where Q is the heat and W is the work. Both Q and W can be positive or negative numbers. Q is a positive number if ________‚ and W is a positive number if ________. (a) the system loses heat; work is done by the system (b) the system loses heat; work is done on the system (c) the system gains heat; work is done by
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The first law of thermodynamics states that a certain energy balance will hold when a system undergoes a change of state or a thermodynamic process. But it does not indicate whether that change of state or the process is at all feasible or not. It is the second law of thermodynamics which provides the criterion as to the probability of various processes through the statements of Clausius that ‘’Heat does not pass from a body at low temperature to one at high temperature without an accompanying change
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Harnessing of Solar Energy: Photosynthesis versus Semiconductor Based Solar Cell Photosynthesis and semiconductor-based solar cells are both used to harness solar energy from the sun – photosynthesis for plants and semiconductor based solar cells for human beings. Photosynthesis consists of light reactions and dark reactions. It is a process in which carbon dioxide (CO2)‚ water (H2O) and light energy are utilized to synthesize an energy-rich carbohydrate like glucose (C6H12O6) and to produce
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slamming on your brakes is the third law of motion‚ which is for every action there is an equal or opposite reaction. Thermodynamics can be described as the three laws‚ which physically use temperature‚ energy (Kinetic and potential energy) and entropy. The three laws of Motion can be described as the first every object will remain in its original state unless an external force is applied. The second law of motion is the exact calculations of when forces are applied to an object and how velocities
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horizontal‚ the tube in the lower bulb is no longer obstructed by the liquid in the lower bulb and the two pressure chambers equalize and fall. This causes the bird fall but only moments later to have the liquid be drawn back up due to the effects of Entropy These systems work‚ but are they Perpetual Motion Machines? No. The wheel device will go on for a long period of time; but during the cycles a force is acting upon which you can’t see. This force is called friction‚ and it will eventually stop the
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Perpetual Motion I will be researching perpetual motion and why it is said to be impossible. The reason I chose this topic is because I remember learning the laws of thermodynamics in my eighth grade science class. After explaining these laws‚ the teacher added‚ “…and that is why perpetual motion machines are impossible.” Since we have been studying related topics such as motion‚ gravity‚ and friction‚ I figure it would be a great time to learn specifically why it is considered impossible
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Photosynthesis vs. Semiconductor based solar cell. Photosynthesis vs. Semiconductor based solar cell. Wais Ghowsi Instructor: Meri Stanec SCI 115 April 24th‚ 2011 What is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis simply means the conversion of light energy into chemical energy by living organisms. In photosynthesis‚ the raw materials are water and carbon dioxide. Energy is taken from sunlight and the end products give out glucose and oxygen. It is the most important‚ naturally occurring process
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Photosynthesis and Semi-Conductor based Solar Cells Plants‚ by shear desire to survive have developed the worlds most efficient and reliable power supply by way of photosynthesis. Scientist for years have tried unsuccessfully to duplicate the process of photosynthesis. However‚ for the purpose of this paper‚ I will compare and contrast how energy and electricity is generated through photosynthesis and a semi-conductor based solar cell. In addition‚ this paper will explain how both processes
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the conservation of energy. The second law explains the second laws of thermodynamics dissipation of energy that is then not available to do work‚ bringing about disorder. The second law is most simply stated as: “In any isolated system entropy tends are relevant to environmental to increase spontaneously.” This means that energy and materials go from a systems. concentrated into a dispersed form (the availability of energy to do work diminishes) and the system becomes increasingly
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deals with the heat involved with chemical and physical changes Objectives 1. Define thermodynamics & thermochemistry 2. Define energy‚ heat and other thermodynamic terms 3. Define enthalpy 4. Discuss thermochemical equations 5. Define spontaneity‚ entropy and Gibb’s free energy Why study thermochemistry? • • it allows us to predict whether a certain process would occur spontaneously or not however‚ its limitations is that‚ it can not predict how fast a reaction would occur (kinetics) Energy and
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