SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS Essential oils are the volatile oils distilled from aromatic plant materials. The odour and flavour of these oils is usually dependent upon these oxygenated compounds. Many oils are terpenoids‚ a few oils are benzene derivatives. Table 1 shows the important constituents of the more common essential oils. Name Part of plant used Leaf Botanical name Important constituents Uses Lemongrass and citronella Eucalyptus Cymbopogon spp Citral
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents the findings of a study on the environmental impacts of the Manila Bay reclamation project. The study area is at the coastal area of Pasay‚ a city of roughly 400‚000 people. The focus of the study was on the changes in the environment that will be brought about by land reclamation. Qualitative descriptive analysis was used as an approach. Data were gathered from government institutions and comparative studies‚ and from a set of questionnaires handed out to a total of
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DISTILLATION ABSTRACT Distillation‚ one of the most significant method for separating a liquid mixture and its components‚ is a process that relies on differences by the ease of vaporization of the components. The purpose of this process is either the separation of a mixture of volatile components from nonvolatile materials is carried out by a simple distillation in which the material is placed to distill and heated‚ the vapor from the substance is removed and condensed. In this activity
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An oil spill can be defined as an accidental or deliberate dumping of oil or petroleum products into the ocean and its coastal waters‚ bays‚ and harbors‚ or onto land‚ or into rivers or lakes (Holum 1977). Between one and ten million metric tons (one metric ton is 1000 kilograms) of oil are put into the oceans every year. The oil is released‚ most often‚ in small yet consistent doses from tankers‚ industry‚ or on shore waste disposal (Boesh‚ Hersher‚ et al. 1974). Tanker spills cost the United
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THE FUTURE OF OIL Contents 1. Extreme oil--from the deep Atlantic to the arctic‚ from fracking in the U.S. to sands in Canada--is replacing dwindling supplies. But it comes at a heavy economic and environmental cost 2. The Bakken Boom 3. Boom and Bust 4. The True Price of Oil 5. OIL ON THE EDGE 6. TIGHT OIL 7. ARCTIC OFFSHORE 8. PRESALT DEEPWATER 9. OIL SHALE 10. OIL SANDS 11. HOW SPIKING OIL AFFECTS YOU 12. A RECORD PRICE FOR REGULAR 13. INCOME
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removing the –OH group on 4-methylcyclohexanol via dehydration and to have a double bond form via a loss of a hydrogen on a β-Carbon. Many techniques and skills were developed in this lab. Among them were dehydration‚ isolation‚ drying‚ and distillation. We used all of these techniques to get the product we were looking for. In addition to these experimental techniques we also verified our product via spectroscopy which is a new technique. Using IR spectroscopy we were able to specifically
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Environmental Turmoil David Lepianka Saint Leo University Abstract The environment is fragile and forever-changing due to man’s interactions. Society has devised laws to help protect‚ restore‚ and ensure that the environment’s resources continue to exist for future generations. Corporations sometimes lose sight of these concepts and it is left to governmental agencies to enforce laws designed to protect the environment without bias or monetary incentives. Keywords: environment‚ ethical
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INTRODUCTION The impact that the Holland Tunnel had on environmental engineering was significant because the generation of a new ventilation system was able to facilitate air quality control within the tunnel while stimulating awareness of the effects air pollution has on human health. The Holland Tunnel was designed to be the longest underwater vehicular tunnel at its time of completion completed in 1927. Consequently‚ the engineers faced the issue of ventilation of exhaust fumes within the tunnel
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PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO): Smuggling of Crude Oil in Single Buoy Mooring and Terminal Lawe-Lawe YULIUS KARONTA GINTING 29108344 INSTITUT | TEKNOLOGI | BANDUNG PT Pertamina (Persero) PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO): Smuggling of Crude Oil in Single Buoy Mooring and Terminal Lawe-Lawe Pertamina President Director‚ Widya Purnama said ready to resign if the move was seen as responsible for the smuggling of fuel elements involving Pertamina. ’ ’You can blame Pertamina‚ but do not make Pertamina
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“Crude”: a corporate genocide In the documentary "Crude" directed by Joe Berlinger‚ John Rawls’ principles of justice are called into question throughout the length of the film. In short Rawls’ principles of justice state‚ that fairness and judiciary action must be egalitarian for all parties involved. However‚ in this documentary that follows the aftermath and legal proceedings of an oil disaster in the Amazon‚ we see that the justice system is for the wealthy corporation and not for the Ecuadorians
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