Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy needed to start the reaction and let the reaction occur at temperatures found in living cells. The way that enzymes do this is explained with the lock and key hypothesis. This hypothesis says enzymes have a specific shape called the active site which is different between different enzymes. Molecules called the substrate that participates in the reaction also have a specific shape that can
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Fungal Amylase and hydrolysis of Starch Abstract This experiment consisted of setting up a control group of starch in various temperature and then placing both fungal amylases and bacterial amylases in a mixture of starch and placing the solution of amylase and starch in various temperatures of water. After a certain amount of time- different amount of time needs to be used in order to have reliable results- iodine is added in a well on spot plates‚ then two drops of the mixture of amylase-starch
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Effect of Varying Temperatures: The enzyme catalyzed reaction rate during varying incubation temperatures are plotted on Figure. 6. As the temperature increases the rate increases‚ but as the temperature reaches 49oC it begins to drop. When the plot of the logarithm of the rate is used against the inverse of the temperature kelvin’s the Arrhenius equation is used to calculate the activation energy. The range in orange is between 16.5 - 37oC and the activation energy is calculated to be 9332kcal/mol
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Enzymes are a major role in the process of accelerating chemical reactions. Environmental factors affect the enzymes‚ These environmental factors include ph levels and body temperature. While both of these environmental factors affect the enzyme‚ body temperature affects the enzymes the most and can result in death. Enzymes are affected by high body temperature. Enzymes are highly specific and they work at certain temperature levels depending if it’s hot or cold. However‚ when the
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There are COX enzyme isoforms include COX-1 and COX-2. (Figure 3.8) These enzymes originate from different genes and have distinct tissue-specific expressions and biologic functions. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and believed to responsible for the production of prostanoids in homeostasis‚ such as gastric epithelial cytoprotection and renal blood flow maintenance. COX-2 expression is inducibly expressed only at marginal levels under condition in many tissues and is upregulated
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Matt Ridley. Matt Ridley says that a gene called CYP17 found on chromosome 10 codes for an enzyme that catalyzes cholesterol to form the hormone called cortisol. The higher levels of cortisol in the blood stream indicates that the
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Lab Report Factors That Affect Enzymes Reaction Rate Name of lab: Effects of temperature‚ pH‚ Enzyme Concentration‚ and Substrate Concentration on Enzymatic Activity Introduction: Enzymes are the most important types of proteins‚ they act as catalysis (speed up chemical reactions). If enzymes didn’t exist‚ biochemical reactions would act to slowly and they couldn’t keep up with the metabolic functions. Enzymes have a three-dimensional structure that is really complex. This structure consists
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digestive system Tongue • For taste • Pushing food into the esophagus Papillae • Rough edges of that tongue that contain the taste buds Hard and soft palate • Separate the nasopharynx from the mouth Parotid gland • Secretes saliva (amylase enzyme) which breaks down starches into sugar Stomach • Stores food • Begins digestion of tissues and proteins by secretion of gastric juices. These juices are very acidic (pH 1-2). The semi-digested stomach contents are called chyme Esophagus
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THERMOSTABLE α - AMYLASE T. Kolusheva‚ A. Marinova University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 8 Kl. Ohridski‚ 1756 Sofia‚ Bulgaria E-mail: e-mail: manahova@abv.bg. Received 10 July 2006 Accepted 12 November 2006 ABSTRACT The present work determines the optimal conditions for starch hydrolysis by thermostable α -amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) produced by Bac.subtilis strain XÊ-86. The hydrolysis reaction has the greatest rate at pH = 7.0‚ starch substrate concentration 250 g.l-1‚ enzyme concentration
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Simple Experiments on the Enzyme Catalase Aim: The aim of this practical is to use three different techniques to investigate the effect of different concentrations of the enzyme catalase on the rate of breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Background information Catalase is an enzyme which is found in all living organisms. This enzyme catalases the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Cells continually produce a poisonous by-product of metabolising‚ called hydrogen peroxide. This
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