During the process of helicase breaking the hydrogen bonds between the two strands of the double helix structure of DNA where it forms a replication fork‚ Gyrase releases the tension in the strands by relieving twist at swivel points. The enzyme RNA polymerase (or primase) makes a piece of a RNA which is called a primer) against to the exposed DNA. Then DNA polymerase causes free nucleotides (from digested food) to bond to the exposed DNA bases adjacent to the primer and so form a new side
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Enzymes are protein‚ they are used to catalyse metabolisms in all organisms. They break down complex molecules and build up complex molecules from simple molecules‚ these two processes are catabolic reaction and anabolic reaction respectively. Enzymes are needed in these two processes to catalyse releasing and taking up ATP molecules. Different sequence of amino acid produces different structure of protein‚ which determines the property of protein‚ thus each kind of enzymes has its unique active
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Task 1: Introduction In this task I will investigate how the enzyme lactase breaks down the disaccharide lactose into monosaccharides‚ which are glucose and galactose. The main aim will be to get lactose – free milk as milk contains lactose. When we drink milk we need lactase (enzyme) to break down the lactose‚ which is contained by the milk. Once I have created my own method of enzyme immobilisation of lactose using lactase I will then construct a bioreactor. I have looked at and researched
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on the rate of enzyme activity of Catalase Aim To investigate the effect of substrate concentration (manipulated by increasing concentration of hydrogen peroxide) on the rate of enzyme activity of catalase‚ produced by liver cells‚ on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Introduction Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rates of reactions. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction‚ the substrate binds to the active site and forms enzyme-substrate complex with the enzyme through the lock
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Enzyme Specificity Using Beta-galactosidase and Alpha-galactosidase Introduction: In order to survive‚ organisms need reactions to occur at a certain time and place. Enzymes make these reactions happen. Enzymes are highly specific causing only one enzyme to catalyze one reaction. “Induced fit” explains why enzymes act this certain way. An enzyme will surround a certain substrate and form to it for the reaction to occur in the active site. If it doesn’t form to it‚ the reaction will not occur
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VARYING EFFECTS OF ENZYME CONCENTRATION ON REACTION RATES OF MALATE DEHYDROGENASE CELL BIOLOGY 13 NOVEMBER 2007 Enzymes are biological catalysts. They are proteins that speed up reactions with low concentrations. These enzyme proteins are made up of linkages of amino acids. The links coil‚ and coil again forming a tertiary structure. This structure has a groove in it called an active site. The active site is
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this experiment was to see which type of orange juice will have the most vitamin C to the point where it will change colors. HYPOTHESIS: Orange juices labeled A will have the most enzyme concentration because it looked thicker than the others. Therefore I thought it will need more Iodine whilst orange juice labeled B & C will need less Iodine because they looked lighter. Variables Independent: the amount of Iodine that was added to the the different types of orange juice
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Rate of Enzyme Activity Justin Hunter G. Kim September 16‚ 2011 September 26‚ 2011 Abstract Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms that is frequently used by cells to rapidly catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into less reactive oxygen and water molecules. Catalase is a protein that is most commonly found in the liver. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect that changes in temperature and pH have on the function of the enzyme catalase
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Enzymes are biological catalysts‚ large protein proteins that have a very specific three-dimensional shape which makes them highly specific and only work on one or a few similar chemical reactions. Enzymes themselves are not consumed in the reaction‚ but they help attract substrates into correct position to undergo chemical reaction. Enzymes greatly speed up the rate of biological reactions by lowering the energy of activation. To get a sense of the speed and efficiency of enzymes‚ substrates can
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How Enzymes Work In Different Environments By Sarah Smith Biology1111 October 20‚ 2011 Lab Partner: Nellie Greer ABSTRACT Peroxidase is an enzyme found in potatoes that catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide‚ H2O2‚ into O2 gas and water. We examined the different pH environments that can affect the enzyme activity during the breakdown of H2O2. In order to do this‚ we added different levels of pH‚ low‚ medium‚ and high‚ into different test tubes with the enzyme and H2O2‚
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