regions of the Earth‚ such as hot springs like those in Yellowstone National Park and deep sea hydrothermal vents. They also live in environments that create heat themselves‚ such as a pile of compost of rubbish landfills. Thermophiles contain enzymes that can function at high temperatures. Thermophiles are classified into obligate (require high temperatures) and facultative (can also thrive at lower temperatures as well as high). Thermococcus celer is an example of thermophilic Archaea species
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recognition) d. cholesterol - regulates fluidity of membrane 2. proteins interspersed throughout the membrane a. functions of membrane proteins i. receptors - hormones‚ neurotransmitters ii. enzymes - reactions in & out of cell iii. transport - ions and molecules b. integral proteins - inserted into the bilayer i. transmembrane - across entire bilayer c. peripheral proteins - on inner & outer surface
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comparison that if you take the results obtained from trial one with trypsin at a salt concentration of 0.075M‚ the absorbance was 0.165 (440 nm wavelength). In comparison to 0.15M‚ which had an absorbency of 0.108 (440 nm wavelength). This would cause the enzyme to slow down and not work as effectively. Though the errors in the data would cause the hypothesis to be deemed inconclusive‚ the results obtained would lead to a rationale hypothesis that would be supported. It would not be due to chance‚ even with
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takes longer. If the temperature is too cold then all it does is slow the reaction as well‚ but when it is exposed into extreme temperature we know that enzymes could be destroyed. For that same reason the only one that seemed to work well and do the reaction was the tube #6. Based on other studies‚ the results imply that evolution of the enzyme active site is likely to be constrained by its temperature-dependence. Manipulation of stability by mutation‚ whether naturally or by directed mutagenesis
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AP BIOLOGY ESSAY QUESTIONS 1. Discuss the lock-and-key theory of enzyme-substrate interaction giving a specific example to illustrate the theory. Include in your discussion the effects of each of the following: a. b. c. d. 2. Substrate concentration pH shifts Temperature shifts Competitive inhibition Describe in detail the process of meiosis as it occurs in an organism with a diploid chromosome number of 4 (2n = 4). Include labeled diagrams in your discussion. Indicate when and how each of the
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INTRODUCTION: An enzyme is a substance that in most situations‚ is a catalyst‚ which increases the rate of reaction by contributing alternative reaction pathways of lower activation energy. Enzymes are able to do this by binding to reactant molecules and allowing them to cooperate in a more energy efficient way. If catalyzed by the appropriate enzyme‚ reactions that would take an extreme amount of time would rather occur in fractions of a second. First‚ enzymes increase the rate at which chemical
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Bioelectrochemistry 74 (2008) 62–65 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bioelectrochemistry j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / b i o e l e c h e m Short communication An electro-catalytic biosensor fabricated with Pt–Au nanoparticle-decorated titania nanotube array Qing Kang‚ Lixia Yang‚ Qingyun Cai ⁎ State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics‚ Department of Chemistry‚ Hunan University‚ Changsha 410082‚ PR China A R
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Quantifying the COX1 Gene within the Mitochondrial DNA of a Potato Introduction Respiration is a very important process for every living organism. While it is typically thought of as breathing in oxygen‚ and exhaling carbon dioxide‚ like all things‚ it must take place at the cellular level. The electron transport chain is responsible for cellular respiration. The process uses four complexes; the fourth is cytochrome c oxidase. Cytochrome C oxidase is responsible for the reduction of oxygen to water
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11 Glyoxalase System and Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification System in Plant Abiotic Stress Response and Tolerance: An Intimate Relationship Mohammad Anwar Hossain1‚2‚ Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva1 and Masayuki Fujita1 1Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses‚ Department of Applied Biological Science‚ Faculty of Agriculture‚ Kagawa University 2Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding‚ Bangladesh Agricultural University 1Japan 2Bangladesh 1. Introduction Plants are sessile and sensitive
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Human Physiology Spring 2014 Exam I 1. If red blood cells are placed in a hyperosmotic solution they will: a. shrink b. swell c. can’t tell what the cell will do d. remain the same 2. If red blood cells are placed in a solution that is hypotonic the cells will: a. shrink b. swell c. remain the same d. change depends on type of solutes 3. Using the information presented in lecture which of the following is most likely to be the source for the keto acid necessary for the production
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