Enzymes are catalytic proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. our body cells depend highly on enzymes to complete many important functions‚ such as digestion and metabolism. Enzymes are selective‚ in which each enzyme can only speed up a specific reaction. There are molecules that enzymes work with called substrates. substrate bind to an area of an enzyme called active site. There is specificity between the enzyme and substrate that react with
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Immobilized Enzyme Immobilized Enzyme * Enzymes which are attached to small bead made of alginate are called immobilized enzyme * However‚ whatever the nature of an immobilized enzyme‚ it must comprise two essential functions‚ namely the non-catalytic functions (NCF) that are designed to aid separation and the catalytic functions (CF) that are designed to convert the target compounds within the time and space desired * Immobilized enzymes might meet the increasing demand by manufacturers
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Investigating the effects of changing temperature on the activity of enzymes Background information: Renin is an enzyme that catalyses the coagulation of milk. It is found in the stomach of many animals and is used in making cheeses and junkets. It is found in the gastric juices or gastric mucosa of many mammals‚ including humans. In the human stomach‚ particularly those of infants‚ rennin works to curdle milk so that pepsin‚ another stomach enzyme‚ can further breakdown the proteins into absorbable amino
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Abstract Enzyme catalysis was observed in order to analyze how changes in temperature‚ pH‚ enzyme concentration‚ and substrate concentration affected an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. This experiment analyzed the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and observed the correlation between catalase activity and products formed. It was found out that the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction starts off rapidly‚ decreases‚ and levels off or completely stops‚ and can be further affected by environmental factors
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given off when different concentrations of catalase are added with hydrogen peroxide. Aim: To see if changing the concentration of catalase (found in celery) with hydrogen peroxide affects the amount of oxygen given of. Background Information: (Hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 1/2O2+H2O) Enzymes: Hundreds of chemical reactions happen simultaneously inside living cells and it’s the job of enzymes to control and regulate the various metabolic activities. Enzymes are biochemical catalysts
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Determining the activation energy in the reaction between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide. I. DESIGN ASPECT 1: definition of the problem‚ hypothesis and selection of variables Problem: How the Arrhenius equation can be used to determine the activation energy in the reaction between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide. Objective: The objective of the experiment is to determine the activation energy. Knowing the rate constant k of reactions between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide at
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potatoes and different sucrose concentrations (0.15‚ 0.20‚ 0.25‚ 0.30‚ 0.35 and 0.50). It was expected that the potatoes would lose weight as the potatoes would have lower water potential when placed in a solution ‚ and in this can be taken from the theory of osmosis which states that “the passive diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane down a concentration gradient” (Taylor and Bruenn‚ 2009)‚ moving water from a high to a low concentration‚ so in this case water would
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Enzymes What Are Enzymes? Substances that speed up chemical reactions are called catalysts. Organic catalysts are called enzymes. Enzymes are specific for one particular reaction or group of related reactions. Many reactions cannot occur without the correct enzyme present. They are often named by adding "ase" to the name of the substrate. Example: Dehydrogenases are enzymes that remove hydrogen. Induced-fit Theory The shape of the enzyme must match the shape of the substrate
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ENZYMES LABORATORY REPORT Introduction The utilization of any complex molecule for energy by an organism is dependent on a process called hydrolysis. Hydrolysis breaks complex molecules into simpler molecules using water. Similarly‚ the process that is the reverse of this is called dehydration synthesis‚ which removes water from simpler molecules. However‚ because hydrolysis occurs very slowly‚ living organisms use biochemical’s called enzymes to speed up the reaction. In this lab exercise
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Factors affecting the rate of reaction between a metal and an acid The rate of a reaction can be measured by the rate at which a reactant is used up‚ or the rate at which a product is formed. The temperature‚ concentration‚ pressure of reacting gases‚ surface area of reacting solids‚ and the use of catalysts‚ are all factors which affect the rate of a reaction. Individual properties of substances also affect reaction rates. The scope of these properties is broad and there are few generalizations
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