ENZYME COFACTORS AND INHIBITORS 1. DESCRIBE THE GENERAL ROLE OF COFACTORS IN ENZYME ACTIVITY. Some chemicals enhance an enzyme’s activity‚ which is what cofactors function to do. They are a non-protein component of an enzyme and may be organic molecules (called coenzymes) or inorganic ions. 2. (A) NAME FOUR HEAVY METALS THAT ARE TOXIC TO HUMANS. Four heavy metals that are toxic to humans are: 1. Cadmium (Cd) 2. Lead (Pb) 3. Mercury (Hg) 4. Arsenic (As) (B) EXPLAIN IN GENERAL TERMS WHY THESE
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What is Enzyme? Enzymes are protein that acts as speed up reactions and break down molecules in our body. However‚ different enzymes only work on certain types of molecules. Enzymes can accelerate the reactions by more than one million times.(3) In our human body‚ there are a total about forty thousand types of enzymes and each catalyzes different kind of molecule.(3) The molecules that enzymes help to accelerate is called substrates‚ and when enzyme is combined together with the substrate‚ it
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Enzyme Kinetics Marcos‚ Nelissa S. Institute of Chemistry‚ University of the Philippines‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City 1101 Philippines ABSTRACT The rationale of the experiment is basically founded in the concept of reaction rates as affected by enzyme‚ and how the enzyme works is competed by a competitive inhibitor‚ thereby impeding the forward reaction. In this experiment‚ o-diphenol oxidase‚ an enzyme that causes the browning in fruits‚ was extracted from banana and reaction rate of this was established
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Enzymes (pron.: /ˈɛnzaɪmz/) are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of chemical interconversions that sustain life.[1][2] They are highly selective catalysts‚ greatly accelerating both the rate and specificity of metabolic reactions‚ from the digestion of food to the synthesis of DNA. Most enzymes are proteins‚ although some catalytic RNA molecules have been identified. Enzymes adopt a specific three-dimensional structure‚ and may employ organic (e.g. biotin) and inorganic (e
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Reactions Enzymes are proteins found in living things that speed up chemical reactions. They aid in nearly all metabolic processes‚ such as food digestion‚ molecule synthesis‚ and the storage/ release of energy. An enzyme speeds up the rate of the chemical reactions by lowering the reaction’s activation energy‚ which means that by definition‚ an enzyme functions as biological catalyst. The activation energy is the energy that is used to get a reaction started. The function of an enzyme is dependent
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Enzyme Lab Using Jello INTRODUCTION: Enzymes are known as protein catalysts. The name protein catalyst suggests that most enzymes are made of proteins. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. (Giuseppe‚ M 2002‚ p.69). After a reaction has been catalyzed‚ the catalyst can be used again to catalyze the same reaction. Enzymes reduce the activation energy (minimal energy) it takes for a reaction to take place. Enzymes can either catabolize
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There are competitive and non-competitive inhibitors. Both of them slow down the reaction. Competitive inhibitors are molecules that are shaped a lot like the substrate. They bind to the active site and stop the substrate from connecting. Non-competitive inhibitors connect to the enzyme in a place that is not the active site. Causing the active site to change shape. Inhibitors and catalysts are both used in everyday life. One example of how catalysts are used in everyday life is that catalysts
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Enzymes- reduce the amount of energy required for the reactions they catalyse [accelerate]. -thus‚ increasing the rate of reactions that occur in living organisms. WITHOUT enzymes : metabolism would be so slow at body temp. that insufficient energy would be available to sustain life. -Many enzymes are “Intracellular”- used within the cell that produced them e.g. enzymes in respiration & photosynthesis -Others are “extracellular”-they act outside the
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Six Factors Affecting the Performance of an Enzyme Enzymes are considered catalysts; substances that increase the rates of reactions. Enzymes are responsible for thousands of metabolic processes that involve the sustainment of life‚ one common one is simple food digestion. Without enzymes‚ digestion would occur too slowly for life to continue. Enzymes maintain a protein structure consisting of one or possibly more than one polypeptide chains of defined primary structure‚ and take up a characteristic
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There are broad ranges of Calpain Inhibitors in the body that are classified under the family of cytosolic calcium-regulated cysteine. The protein falls into the family of proteolysis enzymes and calcium-dependent and they are expressed ubiquitously in mammals amongst many other organisms. The elements roles include regulating various forms of cellular processes in the body. In addition‚ there is Calpain submembranous and cytoskeletal proteins‚ which contribute greatly to muscle protein degradation
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