Carbohydrates – energy storage and supply‚ structure (in some organisms) Proteins – Structure‚ transport‚ enzymes‚ antibodies‚ most hormones Lipids – Membranes‚ energy supply‚ thermal insulation‚ protective layers/padding‚ electrical insulation in neurones‚ some hormones Vitamins and minerals – From parts of some larger molecules and take part in some metabolic reactions‚ some act as coenzymes or active enzyme activators Nucleic acids – information molecules‚ carry instructions for life Water – Takes part
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determine the effect of various factors on the rate of reaction between an enzyme and its substrate‚ and also to determine the optimal ranges under which the enzyme activity is maximized. Also to determine whether saline and alcohol are inhibitors or activators Hypothesis: PH factor prediction: I predict that as the pH increases so the activity of the enzyme will increase until it reaches optimum pH range (pH 7) because the enzyme is less denatured when it reaches the preferred pH level‚ and after this
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BIS 102 Dr. Monfared Elastase and How It’s Giving You Wrinkles Enzymes encompass our lives by carrying out various processes that have both negative and positive effects on our bodies‚ and the aging of our skin is no exception. In BIS 102‚ Dr. Monfared emphasizes the importance of enzymes and its varied functions that make biological processes achievable. As a result‚ these biological catalysts allow life to take place by reducing the activation energy
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Experiments investigating the effect of a particular factor on an enzyme-catalysed reaction are commonly used as assessed practicals in Biology. The reason for this is there are a number of factors that can be investigated‚ and therefore‚ a number of factors that can also be controlled. From our lecture‚ we are aware that the following can affect the rate of reaction: 1) Temperature: a. Independent variable: A range of temperatures should be investigated‚ with particular attention
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environmental factors of enzymes were tested in lab. The changing of pH‚ substrate concentrations‚ temperature‚ and an inhibitor (NaCl) and the effects it hade on the enzyme turnip peroxidase. Enzymes are biological catalysts which increase reaction rates by lowering the activation energies of substrates. A substrate is a reactant that interacts with the enzyme. The enzyme and substrate can be viewed as the recently discovered "induced fit model"‚ which suggests enzymes are flexible and dynamic things
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protease. The three main protease enzymes produced during digestion are pepsin trypsin and cymotrypsin. Pepsin is released into the stomach and begins digestion by breaking down proteins into smaller molecules called peptides. Trypsin and cymotrypsin are released into the intestines completing protein digestion.There are fourmajor
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Natural enzymes are proteins that catalyze biological reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reaction without being altered during the process. The enzyme used in this experiment was the β-galactosidase purified from E. coli. This enzyme hydrolyzes lactose and turns it into galactose and glucose. Since it is difficult to assay the activity of β-galactosidase‚ we will be using the artificial substrate‚ o-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside (ONPG) instead of lactose. ONPG is an analog of lactose
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Information: (Hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 1/2O2+H2O) Enzymes: Hundreds of chemical reactions happen simultaneously inside living cells and it’s the job of enzymes to control and regulate the various metabolic activities. Enzymes are biochemical catalysts‚ which speed up reactions that would otherwise be too slow to be of any use to an organism. They control cell metabolism by regulating how and when reactions occur. Enzymes are globular proteins; they
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brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 25 printed pages. [Turn over © A.P 9700/02/REV/2014 jfkhan04@gmail.com June 2006 Paper 2 5 Some bacteria that are found in soils contain the enzyme urease. For Examiner’s Use Urease catalyses the hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia and carbon dioxide: urea + water carbon dioxide + ammonia Some fertilisers added to soils to help crop growth contain urea. Although some crop plants
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Short answer questions – generally complex by their nature and require knowledge and integration of several different concepts 1. Explain what are the end goals of reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Outline the steps both procedures share and the step(s) specific for each procedure. • Reproductive Cloning- Reproductive cloning is a type of cloning which is performed for the purpose of creating a duplicate copy of another organism. It is accomplished using a process called somatic cell
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