-APPLICATION OF ENZYMES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Why enzymes in organic synthesis? | Alternative to chemical methods: * High region- and stereoselectivity * Milder reaction conditions * Environmentally more friendly | Which enzyme(s)? | OxidoreductasesHydrolasesLyasesIsomerases | Which reaction system? | AqueousAqueous and water-miscible organic solventAqueous and water-immiscible organic solventPure organic solventOther solvents (supercritical fluids‚ ionic liquids) | Which ‘chemistry’
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Immobilization of Enzymes And Their Applications By‚ Shudhangshu Shekhar Kundu Introduction: What an enzyme? Enzymes are protein molecules‚ which serve to accelerate the chemical reactions of living cells (often by several orders of magnitude). Without enzymes‚ most biochemical reactions would be too slow to even carry out life processes. Enzymes display
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Investigate Concentration of Substrate on Catalase enzyme 1. Aim/Prediction. Aim of this experiment is to investigate concentration of substrate on catalase enzyme‚ as well to see how they work in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Prediction would be‚ that the filter paper discs that were used‚ will rise up to the surface in a time in the tube of different concentration of hydrogen peroxide. And in different concentrations the time will be different. As higher the concentration
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Question Give an account of how enzymes work with particular reference to factors that affect their activities. Answer All living things require catalysts to catalyse the reaction which they carry out to survive. Enzymes are the catalysts of biological systems without enzymes reactions in cells would occur all much to slow a rate and the organism would not survive. Most enzymes‚ with the exception of some RNA catalysts‚ are proteins. They often require a co factor such as zinc or iron‚ or a complete organic
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Restriction Enzymes Restriction enzymes (also known as restriction endonucleases) are a group of bacterial enzymes which cut double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) into smaller fragments at specific points. They are a defence mechanism used by bacteria to cleave the DNA of invading viruses‚ thereby restricting their expression. The exploitation of restriction enzymes ability to cut large pieces of DNA into smaller fragments (called restriction fragments) and the highly specific way in which they do this
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62 Iodine test for starch Amount of starch remaining Enzyme activity level Dark blue-black All None (0) Blue Most Low (1) Light brown Some Moderate (2) Gold None High (3) Part 1: Effect of Enzyme Concentration 1. Label five test tubes 1-5. Place 4 mL of 1 % starch in each of the first four test tubes. Place 4 mL of amylase solution in the fifth tube. Place all of the tubes in the 37°C water bath for 5 minutes. Obtain 5 clean droppers and label them 1-5. (To avoid contamination of these solutions
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Activity and Thermal Stability of Gel-Immobilized Peroxidase. Taylor Thompson taylor.thompson72895@gmail.com Department of Chemistry‚ University of North Florida‚ 1UNF Drive‚ Jacksonville‚ FL 32224 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Immobilizing an enzyme provides various analytical benefits‚ and can be done in a myriad of ways‚ with the most common being entrapment. For this study peroxidase (from horseradish)‚ an enzyme that catalyzes
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Use of Enzymes in Food Industry - Food industry utilizes a variety of enzymes for processing of various foods‚ e.g.‚ production of various types of syrups from starch or sucrose (a- and β- amylases‚ glucamylase‚ pullulanase‚ invertase‚ and glucose isomerase)‚ meat/protein processing using proteases‚ removal of glucose and or molecular oxygen (O2) using glucose oxidase and catalase‚ use of lactase in dairy industry and use of enzymes in fruit juice and brewing industries. Glucose oxides are obtained
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Kinetic Expressions (Kinetics) has been taking place at Berea College for 20 years. This year the team celebrated its 20th by revisiting a choreography that was performed at the first Kinetics and were very purposeful of who they allowed to choreograph in this production. This will be a critique of some of the dances performed; it will go into detail about each dance‚ analyze the movements and reveal the message. The opening act to Kinetics this year was the choreography that was performed at
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radiochemical enzyme assay for studying cyclooxygenase (COX)-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis in vitro was optimized with respect to both COX-1 and COX-2 activity. The assay can be used to assess the relative selectivity of plant-derived inhibitors on COX-1 and COX-2. Assay conditions were optimized for both enzymes with respect to concentration of cofactors (l-epinephrine‚ reduced glutathione‚ and hematin)‚ activation time (enzyme and cofactors)‚ reaction time‚ and pH. Moreover‚ the kinetic parameters
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