Atausch July 28‚ 2014 Bio 102 Lab Final Exam: Acids and Enzymatic Reaction Purpose: To examine how an acidic fluid will modify the outcome of an enzymatic reaction. Introduction: Enzymes are “specialized proteins made by living cells that serve as biological catalysts.” (eScience Labs‚ LLC‚ 2013) These enzymes “allow certain industrial processes to be carried out at normal temperatures and pressures‚ thereby reducing the amount of energy and expensive equipment needed.”(BBC‚ 2012) Enzymatic
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Objectives for Lecture 9 Know the difference in resolution and magnification between light and electron microscopes. Understand the process of cell fractionation based on centrifugation and know what the purpose of cell fractionation is. Know what the differences in cell structure are between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells Know that most eukaryotic cells are between 10-100 m in diameter‚ whereas most prokaryotic cells are about 1 m in diameter. Know the following terms‚ plasma
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diagram of the human digestive system. (Total 4 marks) 3. Describe the role of enzymes in the process of digestion of proteins‚ carbohydrates and lipids in humans. (Total 6 marks) 4. Draw a labelled diagram of the digestive system. (Total 5 marks) 5. State the sources‚ substrate‚ product‚ and optimum pH conditions for the enzyme amylase. (Total 4 marks) 6. Describe the role of enzymes in digestion with reference to two named examples. (Total 5 marks) 7. What sequence
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like me. Glucansucrase is an enzyme used by bacteria in our human mouths to produce long sticky biofilm chains to stick teeth and cause tooth decay1. From the Protein Data Bank‚ I know that the bacteria use the Glucansucrase to build long‚ sticky chains of sugars called glucans. These glucans glue the bacteria to the surfaces of the teeth and form a biofilm which is difficult to remove2. Glucansucrase has two reactions2. Firstly‚ the enzyme breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose
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can affect the optimum operation of enzymes. These condition include temperature‚ enzyme concentration‚ substrate concentration‚ acidity‚ salinity‚ and any present activators/inhibitors. In this particular lab‚ temperature was the environmental factor studied. More specifically‚ the enzyme catalase and its substrate hydrogen peroxide were tested under different temperatures. It was discovered that‚ temperature can affect the optimum operation of enzymes; The enzyme catalase has an optimum operation
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that loses its terminal phosphate becomes ADP. 6. ADP has two phosphates. 7. ATP can be resynthesized from an ADP by the process called phosphorylation. 8. Without enough ATP‚ cells quickly die. C. Glycolysis 1. Glycolysis is a series of ten enzymes-catalyzed reactions that break down the 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules. 2. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. 3. Glycolysis is referred to as the anaerobic phase of
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Biology coursework The aim of this experiment is to investigate the affect of pH on the enzyme amylase. The amylase is used to break down the polysaccharide starch. Amylase is a digestive enzyme classified as a saccharidase (an enzyme that cleaves polysaccharides). It is mainly a constituent of pancreatic juice and saliva‚ needed for the breakdown of long-chain carbohydrates (such as starch) into smaller units. Amylase is also synthesized in the fruit of many plants during ripening‚ causing them
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change – negative test 12. Nitrate Reduction Enzyme – nitrate redactase Positive control- E.coli Pink color- positive No pink – negative 13. Starch hydrolysis (iodine)‚ test for enzyme laminase Positive control- B. subtillus Zone of clearing- positive test No zone of clearing – negative test 14. Fat hydrolysis‚ test for enzyme lipase Positive control – S.aureus Dark blue – positive test No dark blue- negative test 15. Casein Hydrolysis‚ enzyme caseinase Positive control – B. subtilus Positive-
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The energy of activation is the minimum amount of energy needed to initiate a reaction. In this lab‚ we find this important because different enzymes reach the energy of activation for applesauce‚ and some do not. An enzyme is a molecule that helps initiate a chemical reaction. A catalyst‚ an enzyme‚ decreases the amount of energy the body needs to produce to break down molecules faster. On the other hand‚ the substrate‚ or reactant‚ is the molecule that is being acted upon and is being broken down
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humans‚ is enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into simpler compounds. Its enzymatic activity is affected by several factors‚ such as temperature and pH. The rates of enzymatic activity of salivary amylase in different temperatures and pH were measured and resulted to be very near 50 C and 7 respectively. However‚ due to some errors that were committed‚ the expected optimum temperature was not achieved. Introduction Of all biomolecules found in the cells and organisms‚ the enzymes‚ because
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