Information: (Hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 1/2O2+H2O) Enzymes: Hundreds of chemical reactions happen simultaneously inside living cells and it’s the job of enzymes to control and regulate the various metabolic activities. Enzymes are biochemical catalysts‚ which speed up reactions that would otherwise be too slow to be of any use to an organism. They control cell metabolism by regulating how and when reactions occur. Enzymes are globular proteins; they
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acts as an inhibitor of one of the enzymes in the pathway to regulate metabolism. Centriole: a structure in an animal cell composed of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern. An animal usually has a pair of centrioles within each of its centrosomes. Chloroplasts: photosynthesizing organelles of all photosynthetic eukaryotes. Competitive inhibition: resembles the enzyme’s normal substrate and competes with the substrate for the active site on the enzyme. Countercurrent exchange: the transfer
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Sharleen Yajnik DP1 Biology Essay on Lactase Sharleen Yajnik DP1 Thursday‚ December 18‚ 2014 Biology essay on lactase Sharleen Yajnik DP1 Biology essay on lactase Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body. They
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Starch can be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates by acids‚ various enzymes‚ or a combination of the two. The resulting fragments are known as dextrins. The extent of conversion is typically quantified by dextrose equivalent (DE)‚ which is roughly the fraction of the glycosidic bonds in starch that have been broken. These starch sugars are by far the most common starch based food ingredient and are used as sweetener in many drinks and foods. They include: Maltodextrin‚ a lightly hydrolyzed (DE
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proteolysis. Water molecules break down the carbonyl-carbon-nitrogen single bond (peptide bond) that holds single amino acid molecules together (Caroline Ritchie‚ 2013. This process is called hydrolysis and is catalysed by protease. The three main protease enzymes produced during digestion are pepsin trypsin and cymotrypsin. Pepsin is released into the stomach and begins digestion by breaking down proteins into smaller molecules called peptides. Trypsin and cymotrypsin are released into the intestines completing
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poikilotherms that rely on heat from the surrounding water to maintain their body temperature. An increase in the water temperature should equate to an increase in metabolic activity due to enzymes working at a temperature closer to their optimum level. However‚ once the optimum temperature has been exceeded‚ the enzymes will begin to denature. Hydrogen bonds‚ which keep the protein conformation‚ begin to break‚ causing a change in shape of the active site; substrates can no longer be catalysed‚ resulting
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Due to the need of keeping the food’s natural characteristics and taste for longer as well as to meet the requirements of food manufactures many chemical compound have been discovered and developed as ways to preserve food and extend their life for longer. With the increasing of new technologies‚ transportation and a growing population‚ food processing which requires the use of preservatives‚ ensures the extension of shelf life of many foods and beverages. There are many different types of food preservatives
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Through experimental research‚ the percent oxygen of potassium chlorate can be determined using tactics such as stoichiometry‚ a technique used to determine the amount of substances that are in a reaction. Stoichiometry is an efficient way to determine how much of a certain substance is within a certain compound‚ which is used in many practical ways‚ such as pharmaceutical companies using stoichiometry to determine how much of a particular chemical is needed to use within a drug. However‚ within
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Macroautophagy‚ a cellular process regulated by p53 is an intracellular system that involves the break down of cytoplasmic contents within the lysosome. This mechanism is a form of adaptation to cellular stress such as starvation‚ trophic factor deprivation‚ hypoxia‚ endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress (Levine & Abrams‚ 2008). Through adaptation‚ it allows the prevention of cell death. There are three types of autophagy: macroautophagy‚ microautophagy‚ and chaperone-mediated autophagy
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that temperature has on the enzyme amylase. Enzymes are composed of proteins and acts as a catalyst to speed up the rate of a specific chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. Reactions do not need enzymes to occur‚ but the human body and other living organisms depend on the use of enzymes in order for biochemical reactions to happen in milliseconds. Each enzyme contains a distinct three dimensional structure which is related to its particular function. Enzymes will catalyze one specific
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