A review of the contemporary knowledge of bovine tuberculosis and government policy in Iran Keyvan Tadayon a‚b‚ Ken Forbes b‚ Davoud Soleimani c‚ Reza Aref Pajoohi a‚ Bahman Marhmati c‚ Jamaloddin Javidi c‚ Rouholah Keshavarz a‚ Kioomars Soleimani a‚ Ali Shakibamehr a‚ Mohammad Mohammad Taheri a‚ Shojaat Dashti Pour a‚ Nader Mosavari a‚* a Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute‚ Karaj‚ Iran b Medical Microbiology Department‚ Medical School‚ Aberdeen University‚ Aberdeen‚ Scotland‚ UK c Iranian
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References: Association of Schools of Public Health (2010). Model and Definition. Retrieved September 29‚ 2010 from http://www.asph.org/document.cfm?page Los Angeles County Department of Public Health-Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology (2007) Retrieved September 27‚ 2010 from http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/wwwfiles/ph/hae/epi/chr2-childhood_obesity.pdf Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (2008). Tipping the balance toward healthy‚ active children http://www
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cervical cancer is increasing in the US. The study of epidemiology focuses on the interventions and preventions available to decrease the prevalence and incidence of HPV‚ cervical cancer‚ and genital warts in teenagers. This paper will evaluate the role of epidemiology in HPV by utilizing the epidemiological triangle‚ methods and types of epidemiology‚ the population affected‚ and the levels of prevention in the HPV disease. “Epidemiology is the study of populations in order to: monitor the
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how industrialization caused tuberculosis casualty rates to rise exponentially. During this time period‚ people were piled into unsanitary factories to work in inhospitable environments and were housed in slums that lacked proper hygiene. This contributed to the spread of tuberculosis. Because of its ease of transmission due to poverty‚ working environments due to rapid industrialization‚ and lack of knowledge‚ tuberculosis induced casualties increased. Tuberculosis wasn’t the only illness to be
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exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis that gets infected with the infection. Susceptibility to disease after infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is influenced by environmental and host factors (nature and nurture) A primary infection may heal‚ the host acquiring immunity in the process while in other cases‚ the primary infection may progress to produce extensive disease locally‚ or infection may be promulgated or disseminated to produce metastatic or miliary tuberculosis. In others‚ primary lesions
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of a communicable disease does not only happen through airborne bacteria or viruses‚ but also through blood and other fluids of the body. Communicable diseases are sometimes termed as contagious or infectious diseases. Tuberculosis is an example of a communicable disease. Tuberculosis or TB is a bacterial and communicable disease that spreads by inhaling tiny droplets from an infected person’s sneezing or coughing (Ramen‚ 2012). Although this medical condition is serious and can lead to death‚ it can
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Fluorescent rabies antibody test Dengue: TOURNIQUET test (Rumpel lead) Malaria: Malarial smear; QBC (Quantitative Buffy Coat) Scarlet: DICK’S TEST; SCHULTZ-CHARLTON TEST Diphtheria: SCHICK’S TEST; Moloney’s Test Pertussis: Nasal swab; agar plate Tuberculosis: MANTOUX test Leprosy: SLIT SKIN SMEAR Pinworm: SCOTCH TAPE SWAB Typhoid: WIDAL’S test HIV/AIDS: ELISA; WESTERN BLOT; PCT: Polymerase Chain Reaction Test CAUSATIVE AGENTS Tetanus: CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI Meningococcemia: NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS Rabies:
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from ProQuest database Loh K.Y. & Kew S.T (2006). Hepatitis B infection: what the primary care doctors should know Colin W. S.‚ Edgar P. S.‚ Lyn F‚ Anthony E. F.‚ & Beth P. B.(2006). Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Epidemiology and Vaccination Theodore S. Y. & Mazen J. (2006) Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection International Journal of Medical Sciences.3 (2):41-46
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High and lateral to the pubic tubercle. More common in women than men. Inguinal Typically seen ’above and medial to the pubic tubercle’. Swelling is Depends caused by weakness in the abdominal wall in the area of Hasselbach’s triangle. Epidemiology • Male > Female by 9 to 1 ratio (indirect inguinal hernia most common for both sexes) • Lifetime incidence: 5-25% percent of males‚ 2% of females • Bimodal peaks before 1 year of age and then again after 40 • Groin hernias (femoral and
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The world will never forget the golden day when humans conquered smallpox‚ when we eradicated the same in 1980. Also we are on the verge of eradicating one more dreadful disease‚ poliomyelitis. All this could be achieved when we could communicate with the people and take them with us. Yes‚ that’s one of the jobs of an epidemiologist. Thus a single person can make out such a vast change. But still lots of things are to be done. I am from a middle class‚ highly educated Indian family. I have three
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