Learning Objectives for Chapter 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY Education is for improving the lives of others and for leaving your community and world better than you found it. Marian Wright Edelman Define anatomy and physiology. -anatomy is the science of the structure and relationship of the structures. -physiology is the science of body functions (dhow it works) Describe the six levels of structural organization and give examples of each. Chemical - atoms and molecules Cellular - molecules
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Quiz 1- Chapter 1 Question 1- The orbital cavities house the eyes. Question 2- A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called: median (midsagittal) oblique coronal frontal transverse Question 3- Which of these regions is NOT associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head: occipital oral buccal nasal orbital Question 4- Which of the following activities does NOT represent an anatomical study: observing the parts
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Unit One: Diversity – Study Notes Classification Classification Taxonomy * Seven taxa (King Philip Came On Family’s Gold Spaceship): 1. Kingdom (animalia) 2. Phylum (chordate) 3. Class (mammalia) 4. Order (primates) 5. Family (hominidae) 6. Genus (homo) 7. Species (sapiens) * Three domains: 8. Domain Bacteria 9. Domain Archaea 10. Domain Eukarya * Six Kingdoms: 11. Kingdom Animalia (animals) 12. Kingdom
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The Growth of Bacteria Influenced by Different Antibiotics Introduction: Plants are made up of three basic kinds of tissue that help it carry out basic functions that are necessary to maintain life and proper photosynthesis. The first and outermost layer of tissue is called the dermal layer. This is the plant’s ‘skin’ and serves the plant mainly as a source of protection. Also present in the dermal layer of the leaves are stomata‚ which are tiny openings that allow carbon dioxide to enter
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in very few of our skins layers‚ and do not invade or surround vital organs or tissues. On the other hand malignant or cancerous tumors crowd out and destroy most healthy cells in our body this‚ in consequence leads to the growth of tumors in the epidermis section of our skin. Malignant tumors are mainly caused by Ultraviolet radiation (UV) that comes from the sun. UV rays damage our DNA and cause abnormal growth in our skin cells. There are two main types of ultraviolet radiation; ultraviolet A (UVA)
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transplants‚ they were able to readily identify host and donor tissues on the basis of color.† When the dorsal lip of an early T. taeniatus gastrula was removed and implanted into the region of an early T. cristatus gastrula fated to become ventral epidermis (belly skin)‚ the dorsal lip tissue invaginated just as it would normally have done (showing self-determination)‚ and disappeared beneath the vegetal cells. The pigmented donor tissue then continued to self-differentiate into the chordamesoderm (notochord)
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wrinkles‚ and laxity (6). A loss of elasticity leads to sagging‚ while a reduction in the rate of epidermal cell turnover causes prolonged wound healing‚ dryness‚ an overall dull appearance due to thinning of the epidermis‚ and thickening of the stratum corneum (7‚ 8). Complete renewal of the epidermis requires 40-60 days in the elderly compared to 28 days in young adults (9). Dermal collagen fibrils harden‚ and collagen production decreases on average by 68% by age eighty (10‚ 11). An obvious clinical example
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dermal vasculature. Ecchymoses (bruises) – Localized red or purple discolorations caused by extravasation of blood into the dermis and subcutaneous tissues Petechiae – Pinpoint‚ tiny‚ and sharp circumscribed spots in the superficial layers of the epidermis Primary lesions- Skin changes produced by a causative factor; common primary lesions in pediatric skin disorders are macules‚ papules‚ and vesicles Secondary lesions- Changes that result from alteration in the primary lesions‚ such as those caused
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Vitiligo is a complex disease associated with selective and progressive loss of melanocytes from epidermal basal layer resulting in white patches‚ commonly on the skin and occasionally on mucosae. It is also known as leukoderma or phulwari in India. The condition is non-contagious and asymptomatic but is associated with a significant psychosocial implication leading to an exaggerated sense of humiliation‚ loss of self-esteem and job discrimination among patients. Worldwide prevalence of vitiligo
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caused by inhaling smoke‚ steam‚ superheated air‚ or toxic fumes‚ often in a poorly ventilated space. First-degree burns are usually limited to redness‚ a white plaque‚ and minor pain at the site of injury. These burns usually extend only into the epidermis. These burns are usually seen in sunburnt patients or a flash burn‚ which is a sudden and brief burst of heat. First-degree burns can be treated at home unless the burn covers a large area. Second-degree burns additionally fill with clear fluid
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