Addison’s Disease‚ Adrenal gland dysfunction is typically related to a maladaption to stress‚ as first reported by Hans Selye in the general adaptation theory (GAS). [pic] The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) In order to develop a general theory for the physiological response of humans and animals to stress‚ Hans Selye‚ former director of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at the University of Montreal‚ performed an integrated analysis of the effects of stress on adrenal gland function. He
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treatment-resistant depression.Amphetamines release stores of norepinephrine and dopamine from nerve endings by converting the respective molecular transporters into open channels. Amphetamine also releases stores of serotonin from synaptic vesicles when taken in relatively high doses. This effect is more pronounced in methamphetamine use. Like methylphenidate (Ritalin)‚ amphetamines also prevent the monoamine transporters for dopamine and norepinephrine from recycling
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depression‚ and only a 20% incidence in fraternal twins‚ and several genes have been associated with the occurrence of the disorder. The first biochemical factor playing a part in unipolar depression is low activity of the neurotransmitter chemicals norepinephrine and serotonin. Overproduction of the hormone cortisol‚ normally produced during stressful situations‚ has also been linked to unipolar depression‚ along with some tentative theories about chemical deficiencies within neurons. The brain anatomy
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was observed by a decrease in overall heart rate shortly after the drugs were administered. Discussion: The results obtained from the drugs added directly to the heart of the pig were exactly as expected going into this experiment. When epinephrine was applied it increased both the inotropic and chronotropic qualities of the heart similar to how the sympathetic nervous
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cigarette‚ it hits the lungs within ten seconds. The nicotine increases levels of chemicals. Such as dopamine and epinephrine. Dopamine can be defined as chemical signals that dispatch information from one neuron to the next within the small spaces between them (Brookshire‚ 2017). In other words‚ it regulates movement‚ motivation‚ emotion‚ and feelings of pleasure. Whereas epinephrine makes the individual feel energized and alert thus creating a nicotine
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Food allergy is a reaction from the response of the immune system. It is a reaction to fight the harmful ingredient in the food. Food allergies vary between infants‚ children‚ and adults. The sign and symptoms for food allergies can show reactions that are minor to severe. Treatment for food allergies depend on the signs and symptoms. In infants and young children‚ they have reactions to milk or soy milk if they are allergic to it. “Allergies to milk or soy formula (a milk substitute made from
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“A Need for an Understanding of Sports Psychology: A Consideration” My Perception of Philosophy within Strength and Conditioning S&C coaches are required to have and often asked what their “Philosophy” is. I describe my philosophy as a set of skills that I have acquired over time via scientific study‚ fundamental analysis‚ sporting anecdotes‚ personal experience and belief that I execute in order to achieve agreed results of physically preparing an athlete for a positive outcome of a sport
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Good morning everyone. My name is Arnaud Pierre and today‚ the topic of my presentation is going to be on generalised anxiety disorder (aka GAD). So GAD is a persistent and common disorder where the patient has unfocused worry and anxiety which is not associated with stressful situations. According to recent studies‚ GAD has a lifetime prevalence rate of 4-7% and therefore‚ being able to understand the mechanisms triggering GAD is essential. Let us begin with some important definitions. γ-Aminobutyric
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Receptors and Ligands: Examining the effects of pharmaceutical compounds on Daphnia magna physiology Abstract The following study was conducted in order to determine the effects of four different pharmaceutical compounds on the heart rate of Daphnia specimens. After basal heart rate was observed and computed‚ four different solutions each containing either an adrenergic‚ muscarinic‚ or nicotinic agonist or antagonist was tested against individual Daphnia. Observations were made through a compound
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nerve stimulation. Refractory periods and relative refractory periods will be studied in direct stimulations of the heart‚ as well as the five phases of the cardiac cycle. Lastly‚ the effects of temperature‚ hormones‚ and ions will be understood. Epinephrine‚ pilocarpine‚ atropine and digitalis are the hormones used to modify the heart. Sodium‚ potassium and calcium are the ions used in this experiment. Methods In the Vessel Resistance section for the Cardiovascular Dynamics experiment‚ two
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