Signals from the SNS cause smooth muscles of the intestine to _________ contractions‚ while signals from the PNS cause these muscles to _________ contractions. Signals from the SNS also cause the adrenal gland to _________ epinephrine and norepinephrine. 3. Neurons can excite or inhibit another neuron. Exciting another neuron will increase the chances of a/an ___________________ in the second neuron. Inhibiting another neuron will make the chances of a/an __________________
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Questions to be submitted as Case Study 1 1) Define Hyponatremia.- When sodium concentration in the blood is below 135 mEq/L‚ or abnormally low. It is induced by the consumption of large amounts of fluid that are sodium-free‚ such as water. 2) What is the etiology of hyponatremia?- Can occur in three ways: hypervolemic‚ euvolemic‚ and hypovolemic. Hypervolemic is when the body overall has too much water‚ lowering the serum sodium level‚ thus causing cells to swell. Euvolemic is when the body’s
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Introduction To Central Nervous System Neuropharmacology SPH 3014 Introduction to CNS • CNS is composed of brain and spinal cord. • Primary function are to coordinate and control the activity of other body systems. • Involved the synaptic processes which release different kind of neurotransmitters – Ach‚ NE‚ Serotonin‚ Dopamine etc – Some mental illnesses & pathological conditions are associated with abnormal changes in the amount or activity of neurotransmitter – Many drugs that
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Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in organisms. It occurs mostly in warm-blooded animals‚ but a few species of thermogenic plants exist. One form of thermogenesis is called thermo-regulatory thermogenesis. This is involved with keeping the temperature of the human body regulated. The average body temperature is 98.7 degrees (F)‚ which is quite a bit higher than the ambient (surrounding) temperature in most cases. There are two types of thermo-regulatory thermogenesis: shivering and
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bronchioles‚ it also dilates the vessels of the skeletal muscles‚ which causes an increase in blood flow. This increase in blood flow is stimulated by alpha and beta 1 receptors. The Sympathetic Nervous System neurotransmitters of norepinepherine and epinephrine stimulate alpha‚ and beta 1 receptors‚ making them an agonist and the patient will exhibit agonist effects such as increase HR making patient nervous and
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When the baby is born its circulation needs to be changed because now the baby must breathe by own using its lungs. Increased level of pO2 causes spasm of the umbilical arteries and‚ as follows‚ decreased venous return to the right atrium. The vascular resistance in the lungs drops and all cardiac output flows through the pulmonary vessels now. Increased return to the heart through the pulmonary veins causes the raised pressure in the left atrium. As result of the changes described above foramen
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Heredity and Hormones The Influences of heredity and hormones on human behavior The Influence of Heredity and Hormones on Human Behavior Human behavior has always been fascinating to many people. Scientists have long studied the factors that cause and contribute too many different types of human behaviors. The Effects Heredity Has On Human Behavior Many different traits are passed along to people through genetics. Some of these traits include the basics such as eye color‚ height‚ and
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ave a tremendous anti-inflammatory effect on the immune system which is why horses with PPID show signs of poor immunity like chronic dermatitis‚ foot abscesses‚ and poor wound healing. The adrenal glands also produce the catecholamines‚ epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones are responsible for the “fight or flight” response when a threat is sensed. The disease of the adrenal glands is very rare. Next is the thyroid glands. The thyroid gland straddles the trachea just behind the larynx.These
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actions we do. (Bernard Weiner‚ 1972) If this information is true then humans don’t have control over these actions. An example is our naturally born fight or flight situation‚ our brain secrets a hormone called catecholamine as well as norepinephrine and epinephrine which causes the psychological reaction that the body is in danger and that you need to either fight or run away to protect yourself. (Walter Bradford Cannon‚ 1915) Psychological factors of serial killers involved in the process is after
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Anatomy & Physiology Name____________________________ Ch 10.1 SG (Endocrine Glands) 1. What does the endocrine system consist of? 2. What are hormones? 3. What do hormones influence? 4. How are hormones delivered from endocrine glands to their target organs? 5. Two categories of hormones are ________________ and __________________. 6. Why must insulin be injected‚ yet birth control hormones can be taken orally? 7. How does the control of hormone levels work by
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