BLADDER CANCER Bladder cancer is the growth of malignant cells in the urinary bladder. Most forms of bladder cancer start in the superficial layer of the transitional epithelium‚ and most often affect the transitional cells. It may also be called transitional cell carcinoma or even urothelial carcinoma. Urothelial carcinoma is also a term used for transitional cell cancer in the renal pelvis‚ ureters‚ and urethra. Bladder cancer is a relatively common disease. It is the fourth leading cancer
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6.1.1 Explain why digestion of large food molecules is essential. There are two reasons why the digestion of large food molecules is vital. Firstly‚ the food we eat is made up of many compounds made by other organisms which are not all suitable for human tissues and therefore these have to be broken down and reassembled so that our bodies can use them. Secondly‚ the food molecules have to be small enough to be absorbed by the villi in the intestine through diffusion‚ facilitated diffusion or active
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TEST ONE 1. A 75-year-old man with a 40-pack-year history of smoking and hypercholesterolemia is diagnosed with severe atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic occlusion of which the following arteries would result in insufficient perfusion of the urinary bladder? (A) external iliac (B) Inferior epigastric (C) Internal iliac (D) Internal pudendal (E) Lateral sacral 2. A 36-year-old woman is hospitalized for treatment of a stomach ulcer has been progressively worse over several months. Radiographic
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Names: ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Week 1 Lab Goals: 1. Choose your lab group. 2. Learn about lab safety. **IMPORTANT – All students are expected to wear a lab coat and goggles in lab at ALL times. As well‚ you are not permitted to wear shorts or open-toed shoes. If you are not dressed appropriately for lab‚ your TA will dismiss you. You are permitted to return to lab with proper attire
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molecules are used as building blocks for lager molecules 4 Layers of Digestive Tract Walls (inner outer) 1. Mucosa- mucous membrane made of various types of epithelium sitting on lamina propria Epithelium Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (for protection) lines pharynx‚ esophagus‚ & anus Simple columnar epithelium (for secretion/absorption) lines the stomach and intestines. Lamina propria- loose CT. Contains prominent lymphoid tissue (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue or
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Part 1 of 17 - 3.33/ 5.0010004 Points Question 1 of 60 0.0/ 1.667 Points Reproduction refers to the formation of new cells for growth only. True False Answer Key: False Feedback: Please review chapter 1. Question 2 of 60 1.67/ 1.667 Points All of the following are examples of organs EXCEPT A. heart. B. gallbladder. C. stomach. D. brain. E. muscle. Answer Key: E Feedback: Good job! Question 3 of 60 1.67/ 1.667 Points All
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lining is short in healthy individuals. However‚ it is increased in people with swallowing difficulty or in a supine position. The oesophageal lining is composed of stratified squamous epithelium which is relatively impermeable to drugs. The passage of food is lubricated with saliva and mucin coating the oesophagus epithelium. The pH of the oesophagus is about pH6-7‚ which is equivalent to the pH of the salvia[19]‚ while the pH of the stomach is between 1.5 to 2 [20]. A swallowing action is a voluntary
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BIO 180 Exam 1 Study Guide Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ 1. This is the study of the functions of body structures. 2. This is defined as a group of cells with similar structure and function. 3. Using your fingers to find your pulse on your wrist is an example of 4. This is the sum of all cellular processes that occur in the body. 5. This is the regulation of body conditions within normal limits. 6. This is the structure of a feedback system that receives
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Epithelium is derived from the oral ectoderm‚ while the only source of mesenchyme able to sustain tooth development is derived from multipotential stem cells called cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) (Jheon et al.‚ 2013; Miletich‚ 2004). Some cranial NCCs located
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Gastric mucosal lies over the epithelium. The secretion of mucus and bicarbonate serve as the first line of defense in the stomach and work to maintain a normal pH. Mucus and bicarbonate both protect the stomach against acid‚ while gastro-mucosal prostaglandins increase this barrier. Its important that the stomach receives a rich blood supply to keep its integrity. When a break in the mucosal lining occurs hydrochloric acid is able to reach the epithelium. When the epithelium is injured dysfunction of
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