Chapter 25: Periodontal emergencies * Abscess of the periodontium- an acute‚ circumscribed collection of pus in the periodontium 1) Acute- condition has a rapid onset‚ rapid course‚ and can be accompanied by pain or discomfort 2) Circumscribed- abscess is localized 3) Pus- a collection of dead white blood cells that result from the body defense mechanisms involved in fighting the infection * 3 types of periodontal abscesses 4) Gingival- an abscess of the periodontium
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In cell biology and Pathophysiology‚ cellular adaptation refers to changes made by a cell in response to adverse environmental changes.[1] The adaptation may be physiologic(al) (normal) or pathologic(al) (abnormal). Five major types of adaptation include atrophy‚ hypertrophy‚ hyperplasia‚ dysplasia‚ and metaplasia. Atrophy is a decrease in cell size. If enough cells in an organ atrophy the entire organ will decrease in size. Thymus atrophy during early human development (childhood) is an example
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25 The Urinary System: Urinary System Organs * Kidneys are major excretory organs * Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine * Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder * Urethra transports urine out of the body Kidney Functions * Removal of toxins‚ metabolic wastes‚ and excess ions from the blood * Regulation of blood volume‚ chemical composition‚ and pH Kidney Functions * Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting * Endocrine functions * Renin: regulation
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levels of IgE‚ also known as hypersensitivity‚ making the body think the foreign substance is dangerous when it’s harmless (1). Dendritic Cells The body’s first line of defense is the epithelium. In order for the body to display hypersensitivity after inhaling pollens‚ pollens need to penetrate the airway epithelium first. Pollens have cysteine and serine proteases to do this by disrupting tight junctions (1‚2). They get taken up by dendritic cells (DCs) which are important antigen presenting cells
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Essential topics: Differentiation- how do cells change into different cell types? Morphogenesis- “ know how to organize functional structures? Growth- “ when to stop dividing? Reproduction- “ achieve “immortality” Evolution- How do changed in development create new body forms over time? Role of environment in development 08/27/13 Class- 1 Life Cycle: A central unit in biology Epigenisis: New organisms are generated from somewhat disorganized cytoplasm and reorganized DNA. Preformation
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that spread throughout the lungs. These terminal bronchioles terminate at alveolar sacs‚ where air is conducted into roughly 30 million individual alveoli that are encased by pulmonary capillaries. The alveoli are lined with thin simple squamous epithelium that allows air entering the alveoli to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood passing through these capillaries. This process is known as external
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section of the leaf of Ixora sp. · Cross section of the stem of Cucurbita sp. · Cross section of the stem of Helianthus · Cross section of Zea mays stem Animal Tissues · A section of the ciliated epithelium (frog’s small intestine‚ frog’s ciliated epithelium‚ cheek cells · Blood smear · Slide of an adipose tissue · Slide containing a hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage · Cross section of bone · Prepared slide of skeletal‚ smooth‚ and cardiac muscle ·
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considerable acanthosis with broadened rete ridges causes deprivation of distant epithelial cells from blood supply and appearance becomes edematous and swollen. These necrotic cells undergo desquamation. Also leaving cleft in the surface of the epithelium. Verrucous projections are formed in this way in between clefts. At a later stage both the verrucous projections and the clefts undergo keratinization [5]. This is a case of verrucous hyperplasia with candidal superinfection in a background of early
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Chronic Kidney Disease Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system is sometimes called the circulatory system. It consists of the heart‚ which is a muscular pumping device‚ and a closed system of vessels called arteries‚ veins‚ and capillaries. As the name implies‚ blood contained in the circulatory system is pumped by the heart around a closed circuit of vessels as it passes again and again through the various "circulations" of the body. The Heart * The heart
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Embryology Week 1 Ovarian cycle: GnRH from hypothalamus FSH and LH from pituitary cyclic changes in the ovary. Follicular phase: * 15-20 preantral follicles start to grow due to FSH * 1 reaches full maturity released * Others undrgo atresia * Estrogens are released which; 1. Proliferate endometrium 2. Thin the cervical mucus 3. Stimulate pituitary to release LH * The LH; 1. Elevate concentrations of maturation promoting factor (oocytes complete
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