Olfaction or olfactory perception[1] is the sense of smell. This sense is mediated by specialized sensory cells of the nasal cavity of vertebrates‚ which can be considered analogous to sensory cells of the antennae of invertebrates. In humans‚ olfaction occurs when odorant molecules bind to specific sites on the olfactory receptors. These receptors are used to detect the presence of smell. They come together at the glomerulus‚ a structure which transmits signals to the olfactory bulb (a brain structure
Premium Olfaction
immune system and causes chronic‚ indolent inflammation by several mechanisms. -H. pylori can damage the mucosal defense system by reducing the thickness of the mucus gel layer‚ diminishing mucosal blood flow‚ and interacting with the gastric epithelium throughout all stages of the infection. -H. pylori infection can also increase gastric acid secretion; by producing various antigens‚ virulence factors‚ and soluble mediators‚ -H. pylori induces inflammation‚ which increases parietal-cell
Premium Stomach Helicobacter pylori Peptic ulcer
molecules however other organisms need to eat food. Extracellular digestion is where a plan secretes enzymes into its surrounding area to digest it. Were as in animals enzymes are secreted inside their body to digest most of it its absorbed through the epithelium of the small intestine into the blood and lymphatic system by a variety of mechanisms. Enzymes are also involved in the regulation of glucose levels and other reactions like this. This is where a substrate will meet with an enzyme and the end
Premium Enzyme Enzyme inhibitor Metabolism
Victoria the second patient‚ had Stargardt disease that is similar to macular degeneration which affects children and young adults that leads to blindness to both patients. In both diseases internal eye cells best-known as retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is being affected. A researching team in Toronto took human embryonic stem cells and developed them into becoming RPE cells. To make sure that these RPE cells didn’t have any signs of bacteria or viruses they were tested. It was
Premium Retina Eye Macular degeneration
lactate and amino acids from the filtrate. Also reabsorbed is 65% of the sodium‚ 65% of the water‚ 90% of the bicarbonate‚ 50% of the chloride‚ and 55% of the potassium back into the peritubular capillary. The loop of Henle exhibits two types of epithelium in its descending and ascending limbs‚ so its reabsorptive capability is different in each. In the descending limb‚ water leaves freely and is not coupled with solute movement‚ but it cannot in the ascending limb. Also reabsorbed in the loop is
Premium Kidney Blood Electrolyte
Assignment 1_Tutorial 1 (100%) Part 1: Constipation and Diarrhoea (50%) Questions: (1) In what conditions‚ the patient is said to have diarrhoea? (4 marks) The patient would have an increased frequency and decreased consistency of fecal discharge may vary among individuals when the patient has diarrhoea. (2) a) What is ORS? (4 marks) ORS is oral rehydration salts preparation. ORS is used to preventing or remedying dehydration
Premium
provided as well as pictures in your lab book. Microscopic Structure of Blood Vessels Tunica intima: lines the lumen of the blood vessel. Continuous with endocardium of heart. Is extremely smooth to decrease resistance to blood flow. (Made of epithelium) Tunica media: More bulky middle coat. Composed of smooth muscle and elastin. Regulation in the diameter of blood vessels‚ which alters peripheral resistance and blood pressure. Tunica externa (adventitia): Outermost tunic. Function is primarily
Premium Artery Heart Blood
komposisi dalaman yang berbeza daripada larutan di persekitarannya. 2. What is “intercellular cytoplasmic bridges”? Explain and give examples. (4 marks) intercellular bridge‚ a structure that connects adjacent cells‚ occurring primarily in the epithelium and other stratified squamous epithelia. It consists of slender strands of cytoplasm that project from the surfaces of adjacent cells and merge at the desmosome. Also called cytoplasmic
Premium Cell membrane Protein
Human Eye Vs. Animal EyeBy:Andrea Torres ABSTRACT The tapetum lucidum is an evolutionary advantage for animals. It enables animals to see in dimmer light than the animal would otherwise be able to see in. The tapetum lucidum is useful to animals‚ but it also has a use to humans. Human beings use the tapetum lucidum to scan for reflected eye-shine‚ in order to detect and identify the species of animals in the dark and to send trained search dogs and search horses out at night. Historically
Premium Eye Reflection Light
theory; cellular changes (especially with respect to desmosomes) of skin as we age; the structure of mitochondria as it relates to its function Differences and similarities between skeletal‚ smooth and cardiac muscle tissue; simple versus columnar epithelium (structure and function); cartilage and tendons as connective tissues The layers of the epidermis; burn types; cell structure of outer layer of skin The process of
Premium Bone Skeletal system Muscle