usually has more severe affects and reaches the advance stage where the patient experiences complete loss of cones and rods photoreceptor cells. Most patients passing through the advance stages undergo gradual atrophy of the RPE‚ retinal pigment epithelium. In contrast to severe cases‚ patients in the early stages suffer from the loss of rod photoreceptor cells‚ which causes night blindness. In milder cases‚ peripheral vision is diminished to the point where only central vision is visible (Atwood
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Social interactions between cells are absolutely necessary. Possibly the most fundamental social interaction is those that hold cells together. Cohesion between cells is essential to form organized multicellular structures‚ that can respond and withstand various external forces that mean to pull them apart. Cell cohesion is governed by a complex network of proteins and polysaccharide chains. These mechanisms of cohesion govern the architecture of the body and the making and breaking of these attachments
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BIOL 3350 Review Test 5 1. What is the overall function of the kidneys? They control the water to electrolyte balance and remove nitrogenous waste. Regulate the inner environment of the body. 2. What are the functional units of the kidney? Nephron 3. What is the bulk of the energy used for by the kidney? Active Transport of sodium and co-transport of electrolytes and other substances. 4. Describe juxtomedullary nephrons. They penetrate the entire length
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The process of the tongue: Scanning electron microscopy of the external features‚ connective tissue cores‚ and corrosion casts of the microvasculature show the filiform papillae have a spearhead-like main process and spiny accessory processes around the apical part of the main process. The shape and number of both processes depend on their position on the tongue. On the apex‚ the main processes have shovel-like capillary networks and the accessory processes have small conical networks. On the
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The small intestine (or small bowel) is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine‚ and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. It receives bile juice and pancreatic juice through heptopancreatic duct‚ controlled by Spincter of oddi. Ininvertebrates such as worms‚ the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to describe the entire intestine. This article is primarily about the human gut‚ though
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I can see a capsule covered by a mesothelium ‚collagen‚ elastic and a few reticular fibers and trabeculae Sketch of Tonsil Slide: Describe the structures you observed on the slide I can see lymphocytes‚ macrophages‚ stratified squamous epithelium and reticular fibers Sketch of Thymus Slide: Describe the structures you observed on the slide I can see lymphocytes‚ large macrophages‚ fat cells‚ medulla and a capsule. Questions: A. How are lymph‚ lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes
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composed of one or more cells‚ and every bodily activity that takes place in a living organism is ultimately related to metabolic activities occurring in their cells. In multicellular organisms‚ cells form tissues. The four primary tissue types are epithelium‚ connective tissue‚ muscle tissue and neural tissue (Wendy Wright‚ 2014). Given the fundamental role played by cells in the organisation of life‚ it is crucial to understand the structure and function of the cell. However cells cannot be studied
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Pelvic fistulas in women refer to pathological communications between the urinary or gastrointestinal tract and the genital organs. The majority of urogenital fistulas relate to obstetric or postsurgical complications‚ less often to pelvic malignancy and radiation therapy. Anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas result from obstetric trauma‚ including prolonged labor and perineal lacerations‚ whereas inflammatory bowel diseases account for fewer cases. A wide range of examinations‚ including intravenous
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Histophysiology of tooth development: A number of physiologic growth processes participate in the progressive development of the teeth. These are – 1. Initiation The dental lamina and associated tooth buds represent those parts of the oral epithelium that have the potential for tooth development. Different teeth are initiated at different times. Initiation induction requires ectomesenchymal epithelial interaction. A lack of initiation results in the absence of either a single or multiple teeth
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Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: An Interactive Journey Second Edition CHAPTER 17 The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education‚ Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives • Identify the parts of the urinary system. • Explain general functions of the urinary system. • Explain the relationships of the urinary system to the endocrine & circulatory systems. • Describe the structure & function of the nephron Copyright ©2011 by Pearson
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