DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD Financial leverage means acquiring assets using funds provided by creditors and preferred stockholders to improve Return on Equity (ROE) of a company rather than utilizing owners’ equity. If a company can borrow money at a rate lower than the return on assets or ROI then the owners’ equity position will be improved. This occurs because less of the equity is required to purchase the assets. It is a double-edged sword and may be positive or negative. • A positive financial leverage is a
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tructure CORPORATE FINANCE PROJECTPRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPANY IN INDIASubmitted to: Submitted by:Mr. Rajesh Jhamb Atul Pabbi 09104013Priyanka Bhola 09104043Rahul Mahajan 09104045Shreya Adya 09104052ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAn acknowledgement is not just a mere formality but a true opportunity to express my sincere gratitude towards all the people who have been of great help and have played an important role in making the training a great learning experience providing
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CAPITAL STRUCTURE: MEANING: - Capital structure of a firm is a reflection of the overall investment and financing strategy of the firm. - Capital structure can be of various kinds as described below: ▪ Horizontal capital structure: the firm has zero debt component in the structure mix. Expansion of the firm takes through equity or retained earnings only. ▪ Vertical capital structure: the base of the structure is formed by a small amount
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Cost reduction Generally defined as the act of cutting costs to improve profitability. Cost reduction‚ should therefore‚ not be confused with cost saving and cost control. Cost saving could be a temporary affair and may be at the cost of quality. Cost reduction implies the retention of essential characteristics and quality of the product and thus it must be confined to permanent and genuine savings in the costs of manufacture‚ administration‚ distribution and selling‚ brought about by elimination
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1. Introduction 1. Equity and Trusts * Equity is a particular body of law‚ consisting of rights and remedies‚ which evolved historically through the Courts of Chancery to mitigate the severity of the common law. * The trust has been characterised as the greatest and most distinctive achievement in equity although an exact definition of the trust has proven difficult. * Equity would recognise and enforce rights and duties that were not known to the common law. * E.g. the common
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Y PEKKA TUOMINEN Managing Brand Equity ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to discuss and elaborate the main issues encountered in managing brand equity. In order to achieve this purpose‚ we first analyse the concept of brand equity; second‚ we provide a comprehensive framework for managing brand equity; and finally‚ we distinguish different ways to leverage and measure brand equity. The concept of brand equity emerged in the early 1990s. Brand equity can be regarded as a managerial concept
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. Debt and Equity Financing Debt Versus Equity Financing ACC400/University of Phoenix June 13‚ 2011 Debt Versus Equity Financing In the accounting industry financing is an important concept. Many companies would not be operable without acquiring some for of financing options. Although there are many types of financing‚ the two that will be discussed in this paper are debt financing and equity financing. Also this paper will give two examples of each type of financing and discuss which
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CHAPTER 18 INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL BUDGETING SUGGESTED ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS QUESTIONS 1. Why is capital budgeting analysis so important to the firm? Answer: The fundamental goal of the financial manager is to maximize shareholder wealth. Capital investments with positive NPV or APV contribute to shareholder wealth. Additionally‚ capital investments generally represent large expenditures relative to the value of the entire firm. These
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(a) “Nemawashi” is an agricultural metaphor. The idea is that before a farmer plants a seed‚ he should prepare the roots and the soil‚ so that the seed has the best chance of survival. It is a political process by which an unofficial understanding is reached before a final decision is made on a particular matter. “Nemawashi” is Bottom-up style decision making (middle management has the greatest influence on decision making). The Japanese are primarily concerned with harmoniously working out problems
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The Capital Structure of Chinese Companies 1. Introduction Capital structure is considered as a way to determine how a corporation financing its assets by issuing debt or equity. If the firm is entirely financed by the common equity‚ then it is so called an unlevered firmed‚ and its whole cash flow belong to its stockholders. If the firm financed both debt and equity‚ then it is so called a levered firm‚ and its cash flow will first goes to debt holders and then to stockholders. According to Brealey
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